CCST-Networking - Cisco Certified Support Technician (CCST) NetworkingExam

Here’s how each protocol aligns with the correct TCP/IP model layer:

• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): This protocol belongs to theTransportlayer, which is responsible for providing communication between applications on different hosts1.
• IP (Internet Protocol): IP is part of theInternetworklayer, which is tasked with routing packets across network boundaries to their destination1.
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol): FTP operates at theApplicationlayer, which supports application and end-user processes.It is used for transferring files over the network1.
• Ethernet: While not a protocol within the TCP/IP stack, Ethernet is associated with theNetwork Interfacelayer, which corresponds to the link layer of the TCP/IP model and is responsible for the physical transmission of data1.

The TCP/IP model layers are designed to work collaboratively to transmit data from one layer to another, with each layer having specific protocols that perform functions necessary for the data transmission process1.

• TCP:
• IP:
• FTP:
• Ethernet:

• Transport Layer: This layer is responsible for providing communication services directly to the application processes running on different hosts. TCP is a core protocol in this layer.
• Internetwork Layer: This layer is responsible for logical addressing, routing, and packet forwarding. IP is the primary protocol for this layer.
• Application Layer: This layer interfaces directly with application processes and provides common network services. FTP is an example of a protocol operating in this layer.
• Network Layer: In the TCP/IP model, this layer includes both the data link and physical layers of the OSI model. Ethernet is a protocol used in this layer to define network standards and communication protocols at the data link and physical levels.

References:

• TCP/IP Model Overview: Cisco TCP/IP Model
• Understanding the TCP/IP Model: TCP/IP Layers

OSI model

During the data encapsulation process, theData Link layerof the OSI model is responsible for adding a header that contains MAC addressing information and a trailer used for error checking.The header typically includes the source and destination MAC addresses, while the trailer contains a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) which is used for error detection1.

The Data Link layer ensures that messages are delivered to the proper device on a LAN using hardware addresses and translates messages from the Network layer into bits for the Physical layer to transmit. It also controls how data is placed onto the medium and is received from the medium through the physical hardware.

References:=

• The OSI Model – The 7 Layers of Networking Explained in Plain English
• OSI Model - Network Direction
• Which layer adds both header and trailer to the data?
• What is OSI Model | 7 Layers Explained - GeeksforGeeks

The correct matching of the protocols to their examples is as follows:

• DHCP: Assign the reserved IP address 10.10.10.200 to a web server at your company.
• DNS: Perform a query to translate companypro.net to an IP address.
• ICMP: Perform a ping to ensure that a server is responding to network connections.

Here’s how each protocol corresponds to its example:

• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)is used to assign IP addresses to devices on a network. In this case, DHCP would be used to assign the reserved IP address 10.10.10.200 to a web server.
• DNS (Domain Name System)is used to translate domain names into IP addresses. Therefore, to translate companypro.net to an IP address, DNS would be utilized.
• ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)is used for sending error messages and operational information indicating success or failure when communicating with another IP address. An example of this is using the ping command to check if a server is responding to network connections.

These protocols are essential for the smooth operation of networks and the internet.

• Perform a query to translate companypro.net to an IP address.
• Assign the reserved IP address 10.10.10.200 to a web server at your company.
• Perform a ping to ensure that a server is responding to network connections.

• DNS (Domain Name System): DNS translates human-friendly domain names like "companypro.net" into IP addresses that computers use to identify each other on the network.
• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network, ensuring that no two devices have the same IP address.
• ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): ICMP is used for diagnostic or control purposes, and the ping command uses ICMP to test the reachability of a host on an IP network.

References:

• DNS Basics: What is DNS?
• DHCP Overview: What is DHCP?
• ICMP and Ping: Understanding ICMP