300-730 Implementing Secure Solutions with Virtual Private Networks (SVPN) Question and Answers

"If the end user disables antivirus or personal firewall after successfully establishing the VPN connection, our Advanced Endpoint Assessment feature attempts to re-enable that application within approximately 60 seconds." https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/vpn_client/anyconnect/anyconnect40/administration/guide/b_AnyConnect_Administrator_Guide_4-0/configure-posture.html#ID-1407-00000047

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security/dynamic-multipoint-vpn-dmvpn/111976-dmvpn-troubleshoot-00.html

The MMNOSTATE failure occurs when the ISAKMP policy priority values are not configured correctly on both devices. The ISAKMP policy priority values are used to determine the order in which the ISAKMP policies are applied. If the priority values do not match between the two devices, the ISAKMP tunnel may not be established correctly, resulting in the MMNOSTATE failure. To resolve this issue, the engineer should ensure that the ISAKMP policy priority values are configured correctly on both the router and the peer.

According to the Implementing Secure Solutions with Virtual Private Networks (SVPN) documents and learning resources available at cisco.com, the two features that provide headend resiliency for Cisco AnyConnect clients are:

• AnyConnect Backup Servers: This feature allows the AnyConnect client to automatically connect to a backup server in case the primary server is unreachable or fails. The backup server list is configured on the ASA or IOS headend and pushed to the client during the VPN connection establishment. The client can also manually select a backup server from the list if needed. This feature enhances the availability and reliability of the VPN service for the clients12.
• ASA failover: This feature enables two identical ASAs to be paired together as an active/standby or active/active pair. The ASAs synchronize their configuration and state information and monitor each other’s health. If the active ASA fails or becomes unreachable, the standby ASA takes over the traffic and VPN sessions without any disruption for the clients. This feature provides high availability and redundancy for the VPN headend34.

1: AnyConnect Backup Servers 2: Redundancy options for IOS Headend for AnyConnect Clients 3: ASA Failover 4: AnyConnect Implementation and Performance/Scaling Reference for COVID-19 Preparation

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/asa/asa97/configuration/vpn/asa-97-vpn-config/webvpn-configure-policy-groups.html says clearly: In group-policy webvpn configuration mode, you can specify (list of things, including url-list).

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security/asa-5500-x-series-next-generation-firewalls/98580-enable-group-dropdown.html

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security/flexvpn/116528-config-flexvpn-00.html

Plug-ins are extensions to the Clientless SSL VPN feature that enable the ASA to handle non-standard applications and Web resources so that they display correctly over a Clientless SSL VPN connection. Plug-ins are software components that the ASA downloads to the remote user’s browser. The plug-ins provide support for applications and protocols that are not natively supported by Clientless SSL VPN, such as Java, ActiveX, SSH, Telnet, and RDP. Plug-ins can also provide enhanced functionality and security for Web applications, such as Outlook Web Access and Lotus iNotes.

You can read more about plug-ins and how to configure them in the document [ASDM Book 3: Cisco ASA Series VPN ASDM Configuration Guide, 7.7] 1.

When you configure other group policies, any attribute that you do not explicitly specify takes its value from the default group policy. To view the default group policy. https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/asa/asa72/configuration/guide/conf_gd/vpngrp.html

https://community.cisco.com/t5/vpn/anyconnect-service-port-not-enabled/td-p/2968124

https://community.cisco.com/t5/network-security/missing-ssl-vpn-bookmarks/td-p/1597023

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security/flexvpn/200555-FlexVPN-AnyConnect-IKEv2-Remote-Access.pdf

The first of the two TS payloads is known as TSi (Traffic Selector- initiator). The second is known as TSr (Traffic Selector-responder). TSi specifies the source address of traffic forwarded from (or the destination address of traffic forwarded to) the initiator of the Child SA pair. https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5996#page-40

If the responder's policy does not allow it to accept any part of the proposed Traffic Selectors, it responds with a TS_UNACCEPTABLE Notify message.

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security-vpn/ipsec-negotiation-ike-protocols/113594-trouble-ios-ike-00.html#anc12

The correct answer is C. promiscuous mode. In promiscuous mode, the Cisco IPS appliance operates as a passive device that monitors a copy of the network traffic and analyzes it for malicious activity. The appliance does not affect the traffic flow, but it can generate alerts, logs, and reports based on the configured security policy. Promiscuous mode is useful for initial deployment and baseline analysis, as well as for monitoring low-risk segments of the network12.

A. failsafe mode is a feature that determines how the appliance behaves when a hardware or software failure occurs. It does not affect the normal traffic flow or analysis3. B. inline tap mode is a variation of inline mode that allows the appliance to pass traffic without inspection in case of a power failure or a software crash. It does not allow the appliance to collect data without affecting traffic4. D. bypass mode is a feature that enables the appliance to bypass traffic without inspection when it is overloaded or under maintenance. It does not allow the appliance to analyze traffic and generate alerts.

1: How the Sensor Functions 2: Cisco ASA IPS Module Quick Start Guide 3: Failsafe Mode 4: Inline Tap Mode : Bypass Mode

You could in theory "tunnel specified" and list every subnet aside from the local one in the split tunnel list, but that is cumbersome and clearly not the best answer from the "reduce the configuration" requirement. Exclude only the local subnet and continue with your day.

In GETVPN, all group members share a common security association (SA) database and the same keys for encryption and decryption. This approach avoids the need for per-peer IPsec SAs and simplifies the configuration and management of the VPN. Instead of using multiple SAs, GETVPN uses a single SA with a unique Group Domain of Interpretation (GDOI) group key that is distributed to all group members.

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security-vpn/webvpn-ssl-vpn/119417-config-asa-00.html#anc15:~:text=simultaneous%2Dlogins%2020-,WebVPN%20Clients%20Cannot%20Hit%20Bookmarks%20and%20is%20Grayed%20Out,-Problem

The correct answer is A. Access Control policy with URL filtering. An Access Control policy is a type of policy that allows you to control how traffic is handled on your network based on various criteria, such as source and destination IP addresses, ports, protocols, applications, users, and URLs. URL filtering is a feature that enables you to block or allow traffic based on the URL category or reputation of the website. You can create custom URL objects to specify the exact URLs or domains that you want to block or allow. For example, you can create a URL object for https:/www.badsite.com and set it to block. This will prevent any traffic from reaching that site and any subdomains under it12.

B. Prefilter policy is a type of policy that allows you to perform fast actions on traffic before it reaches the Access Control policy. You can use prefilter rules to drop, fastpath, or trust traffic based on simple criteria, such as IP addresses or ports. However, prefilter rules do not support URL filtering, so you cannot use them to block traffic based on the website domain3.

C. DNS policy is a type of policy that allows you to inspect and modify DNS requests and responses on your network. You can use DNS rules to block, monitor, or sinkhole DNS queries based on the requested domain name or the response IP address. However, DNS policy does not prevent packets from being sent to the malicious site; it only prevents the DNS resolution of the domain name. A client could still access the site if they know the IP address or use an alternative DNS server.

D. SSL policy is a type of policy that allows you to decrypt and inspect encrypted traffic on your network. You can use SSL rules to determine which traffic to decrypt based on various criteria, such as certificate attributes, cipher suites, or URL categories. However, SSL policy does not block traffic; it only decrypts it for further inspection by other policies.

https://www.cisco.com/en/US/technologies/tk583/tk372/technologies_white_paper0900aecd8029d629.html

NHRP network IDs are locally significant and can be different. It makes sense from a deployment and maintenance perspective to use unique network ID numbers (using the ip nhrp network-id command) across all routers in a DMVPN network, but it is not necessary that they be the same. https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/sec_conn_dmvpn/configuration/15-mt/sec-conn-dmvpn-15-mt-book/sec-conn-dmvpn-dmvpn.html

one benefit of GET VPN is Simplified network design due to leveraging of native routing infrastructure (no overlay routing protocol needed) f mismatch is causing the problem with the IPsec VPN

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/routers/3600-series-multiservice-platforms/91193-rtr-ipsec-internet-connect.html

HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol). HSRP is a Cisco proprietary protocol that provides stateful failover for IPsec virtual private networks (VPNs). It is used to create a virtual router in order to provide redundancy in the event of an IPsec VPN failure. HSRP works by assigning a single primary router to manage the connection and forwarding traffic to the secondary router if the primary router fails.

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/sec_conn_vpnav/configuration/15-mt/sec-vpn-availability-15-mt-book/sec-state-fail-ipsec.html

The reason is that by default, the SSL VPN clients use split tunneling, which means they only send traffic destined for the corporate network through the VPN tunnel, and use their local gateway for other traffic, such as browsing the internet. This means that when they search for their IP address on a browser, they will see their local IP address, not the IP address of the ASA.

To change this behavior, you need to configure the Group Policy on the ASA to tunnel all networks, which means that all traffic from the SSL VPN clients will go through the VPN tunnel, regardless of the destination. This way, when they search for their IP address on a browser, they will see the IP address of the ASA, which is 3.3.3.3.

To configure tunnel all networks under Group Policy, you can use either ASDM or CLI. For example, using ASDM, you can follow these steps1:

• Choose Configuration > Remote Access VPN > Network (Client) Access > Group Policies.
• Select the group policy that you want to modify and click Edit.
• In the Edit Internal Group Policy window, choose Advanced > Split Tunneling.
• In the Policy drop-down list, choose Tunnel All Networks.
• Click OK and then Apply.

Using CLI, you can enter these commands:

ciscoasa(config)# group-policy attributes ciscoasa(config-group-policy)# split-tunnel-policy tunnelall

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/sec_conn_ike2vpn/configuration/15-mt/sec-flex-vpn-15-mt-book/sec-flex-spoke.html

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security/dynamic-multipoint-vpn-dmvpn/111976-dmvpn-troubleshoot-00.html

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/sec_conn_ikevpn/configuration/xe-3s/sec-ike-for-ipsec-vpns-xe-3s-book/sec-call-addmsn-ike.html

The IKEv2 CREATE_CHILD_SA packet is used to establish a new security association (SA) between two peers. This packet contains the details of the exchange, including the traffic selectors, the cryptographic algorithms and keys to be used, and any other relevant information

DMVPN disables the EIRGP next-hop-self with "no ip next-hop-self eigrp xxx" in DMVPN phase 2, and to go from Phase 2 to 3 you need use the NHRP protocol, and again enable EIRGP next-hop-self with "ip next-hop-self eigrp 134" under the tunnel interface https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/sec_conn_dmvpn/configuration/15-mt/sec-conn-dmvpn-15-mt-book/sec-conn-dmvpn-dmvpn.html#GUID-BF561439-BCC0-4AAF-80D9-1F7876CB7B81

Reverse route injection (RRI) is a method that dynamically installs the network routes for remote tunnel endpoints. The RRI feature allows the router to automatically learn the routes for the remote networks and automatically install these routes into the routing table. This eliminates the need for the administrator to manually configure and maintain the routes for the remote networks. This feature is commonly used in VPN environments, where the router at the VPN endpoint needs to learn the routes for the remote networks behind the other VPN endpoint. The other options such as policy-based routing, CEF, and route filtering are not used to dynamically install the network routes for remote tunnel endpoints

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security/asa-5500-x-series-next-generation-firewalls/98580-enable-group-dropdown.html

On a FlexVPN hub-and-spoke topology where spoke-to-spoke tunnels are not allowed, the command that is needed for the hub to be able to terminate FlexVPN tunnels is interface virtual-template. The interface virtual-template command is used to configure a virtual template interface which provides a secure tunnel for FlexVPN connections. The other commands listed - interface virtual-access, ip nhrp redirect, and interface tunnel - are not related to FlexVPN and are not used to terminate FlexVPN tunnels.