SAFe-Agilist SAFe 6 Agilist - Leading SAFe (SA) (6.0) Question and Answers

ROAM is an acronym for Resolved, Owned, Accepted, Mitigated. ROAM is a technique for categorizing and managing PI risks during the final plan review in the PI planning event. PI risks are potential events or conditions that may have a negative impact on the PI objectives or outcomes. ROAM helps teams address their PI risks by assigning them to one of four states: Resolved (the risk has been eliminated or is no longer relevant); Owned (the risk has been assigned to a person or a team who is responsible for managing it); Accepted (the risk has been acknowledged and its impact has been factored into the plan); Mitigated (the risk has been reduced or its likelihood has been lowered). References: PI Planning, Final Plan Review

Guiding investments by horizon is the Lean budget guardrail that helps ensure the appropriate allocation of budgets to balance near-term opportunities with long-term strategy and growth. A Lean budget guardrail is a policy or guideline that governs how the portfolio operates within the Lean budgeting system. Guiding investments by horizon means allocating budgets across three time horizons: Horizon 1 (current value streams), Horizon 2 (emerging opportunities), and Horizon 3 (exploration and innovation). This helps the portfolio balance the exploitation of existing markets with the exploration of new ones, and foster a culture of experimentation and learning. References: Lean Portfolio Management, Traditional and Lean Budgeting Approaches

From the “Leading by Example” section:

“Leaders model desired professional and ethical behaviors… They live SAFe’s Lean-Agile Mindset, values, principles, and practices.”

Attributes include insatiable learning, courage, and emotional competence.

The SAFe workbook defines "Leading by Example" as a foundational behavior of Lean-Agile leaders. They do this through:

Insatiable learning

Authenticity

Emotional competence

Courage

Growing others

Decentralized decision-making

The workbook explicitly states:

“Leaders model desired professional and ethical behaviors… and apply SAFe's Lean-Agile Mindset, values, principles, and practices.”

Product Owner sync (PO sync) is a key event within the Agile Release Train (ART) that aligns Product Owners and other stakeholders to ensure they are working towards a common vision and goals.

It facilitates collaboration, knowledge sharing, and decision-making, ultimately leading to better outcomes for the ART.

According to the SAFe Agilist 6.0 domain of Apply SAFe Principles, when basing decisions on economics, lead time, product cost, value, and development expense are used to:

Evaluate the economic impact of different design alternatives

Optimize the flow of value delivery by minimizing delays and waste

Maximize the return on investment by delivering the most valuable features first

Balance the tradeoffs between speed, quality, and cost

https://scaledagileframework.com/take-an-economic-view/

The SAFe Workbook emphasizes that:

“Large batch sizes increase variability… Small batches go through the system faster with lower variability.”

The workbook includes exercises demonstrating that smaller batch sizes reduce cycle time and increase predictability, while large batches slow flow and introduce delays.

Source:01 Workbook SA (6.0).pdf, Pages 2-54 to 2-56

Cadence and synchronization are applied in events like PI Planning:

“PI Planning provides cadence-based alignment of multiple Agile Teams… Synchronization allows all stakeholders to align and collaborate.”

An enabling team is a type of cross-functional Agile team that is organized to assist other teams with specialized capabilities and help them become more proficient in new technologies. Enabling teams provide coaching, mentoring, training, and technical guidance to other teams in areas such as DevOps, test automation, security, compliance, etc. Enabling teams help other teams achieve the core competency of Technical Agility in SAFe. References: Cross-functional Agile Teams, Technical Agility

The SAFe House of Lean is based on:

“Goal: Value in the shortest sustainable lead time, with the best quality and people morale.”

This guides decisions and continuous improvement.

According to the SAFe Agilist 6.0 domain of Apply SAFe Principles, this principle is the first Lean-Agile Principle and it describes how to make decisions based on economics1. One of the practices essential to achieving optimum economic outcomes is to deliver early and often, which means moving new system features through the development value stream as quickly as possible1. This practice has a direct economic benefit, as it enables faster feedback, higher value, and lower risk1. You can read more about this principle and practice in this article, under the section “Deliver early and often”.

SAFe emphasizes that effective DevOps implementation is key to enabling continuous value delivery. The workbook highlights that:

“DevOps helps ensure a constant flow of value by automating the Continuous Delivery Pipeline and enabling continuous integration and deployment… A Value Stream with DevOps capabilities implements automation and integration for consistent quality and faster delivery.”

This makes automation a cornerstone in enabling flow within a Value Stream.

The Continuous Delivery Pipeline represents the workflow, activities, and automation needed to deliver new functionality more frequently. The Continuous Delivery Pipeline is a key enabler of Agile Product Delivery, which is one of the core competencies of business agility in SAFe. The Continuous Delivery Pipeline consists of four elements: Continuous Exploration, Continuous Integration, Continuous Deployment, and Release on Demand. These elements help teams continuously explore customer needs, develop high-quality solutions, deploy them to various environments, and release them to customers when and where they want. References: Agile Product Delivery, Continuous Delivery Pipeline

Decisions that deliver large and broad economic benefits are the type of decisions that should remain centralized even in a decentralized decision-making environment. Decentralized decision-making is a principle and practice that empowers individuals and teams to makedecisions about their work without excessive interference or control from others. Decentralized decision-making fosters autonomy, agility, innovation, and ownership among knowledge workers. However, some decisions are better made centrally by those who have more authority, information, or expertise. These include decisions that affect the whole enterprise or portfolio, such as strategy, vision, budgeting, governance, compliance, etc. References: SAFe Lean-Agile Principles, SAFe Principle #9

This is how SAFe recommends using a second operating system to deliver value. A second operating system is a way of organizing an enterprise that combines two complementary structures: a traditional hierarchy that provides stability, alignment, and efficiency; and a network of empowered teams that provides speed, agility, and creativity. A second operating system helps enterprises achieve organizational agility, which is one of the core competencies of business agility in SAFe. Organizing development around the flow of value means creating cross-functional Agile teams and ARTs that deliver value in a regular cadence. Maintaining the hierarchies means preserving the existing roles and functions that provide governance, compliance, and support. References: Organizational Agility, Dual Operating System

From the workbook section on forming cross-functional Agile Teams:

“Agile Teams are cross-functional self-organizing entities that can define, build, test, and—where applicable—deploy increments of value.”

“Optimized for communication and delivery of value” is also mentioned but for this question, the best indicators of a cross-functional team are thecapabilities of the team membersand their ability to deliver value independently.

According to the SAFe Glossary and reiterated in the Workbook:

“The Release Train Engineer (RTE) is a servant leader and ART coach who facilitates ART events and processes and supports teams in delivering value.”

Source:SAFe Glossary & Workbook Page 3-19

The SAFe Workbook states:

“Centralize decisions that are infrequent, long-lasting, and have significant economies of scale.”

This includes strategic decisions like compensation strategy or technology platform choices.

“Precisely specify value by product” is central to Lean thinking. Lean thinking is a philosophy and a set of principles and practices that aim to eliminate waste and optimize value delivery. Value is defined as anything that a customer is willing to pay for or that meets their needs or desires. Value is specified by product, which means that each product or service should have a clear and explicit definition of what value it provides to the customer and how it differs from other products or services. Specifying value by product helps avoid ambiguity, confusion, andinefficiency in the value delivery process. References: Thriving in the Digital Age, SAFe Principle #1

One way Lean-Agile leaders lead by example is by modeling SAFe’s Lean-Agile Mindset, values, principles, and practices. A Lean-Agile Mindset is a way of thinking that embraces the values and principles of Lean thinking and Agile development. A Lean-Agile leader is someone who exhibits this mindset and applies it to lead others in achieving business agility. A Lean-Agile leader models SAFe’s four core values: Alignment, Built-in Quality, Transparency, and Program Execution; as well as its ten principles: Take an economic view; Apply systems thinking; Assume variability; preserve options; Build incrementally with fast integrated learning cycles; Base milestones on objective evaluation of working systems; Visualize and limit WIP; reduce batch sizes; manage queue lengths; Apply cadence; synchronize with cross-domain planning; Unlock the intrinsic motivation of knowledge workers; Decentralize decision-making; Organize around value; and Adopt a customer-centric mindset. References: Lean-Agile Mindset, SAFe Core Values, SAFe Lean-Agile Principles, Lead by Example

Forming a strategic vision is one key to leading a successful change. A strategic vision is a clear and compelling statement that describes what the organization wants to achieve in the future. A strategic vision helps leaders communicate the purpose, direction, and benefits of the change to all stakeholders, inspire them to embrace the change, align their actions with the desired outcomes, and measure their progress and success. References: Lead by Example, Lead the Change, SAFe Implementation Roadmap

Autonomy is one of the requirements besides purpose and minimum possible constraints for unlocking the intrinsic motivation of knowledge workers. Autonomy is the ability of individuals and teams to self-organize, self-manage, and make decisions about their work without excessive interference or control from others. Autonomy fosters creativity, innovation, ownership, and engagement among knowledge workers. Autonomy is one of the aspects of the Lean-Agile mindset and one of the SAFe core values. References: Lean-Agile Mindset, SAFe Core Values, SAFe Principle #8

Under the “Team and Technical Agility” competency, the workbook details:

“Built-in Quality ensures that every element and increment of the solution reflects quality standards throughout development.”

This competency supports Agile practices such as pairing, automation, and Definition of Done to embed quality at every level.

Source:01 Workbook SA (6.0).pdf, Pages 3-13 to 3-15