PDI Platform Developer I (SP23) Question and Answers

Marking the field as Required on the field definition ensures that the field cannot be left blank or null when a record is created or updated, regardless of the page layout or the API. This is the most efficient way to enforce a value for the picklist field, as it does not require any additional configuration or code. Setting the first value as the default value does not prevent the user from changing or clearing the value. Setting a validation rule requires writing a formula and handling error messages. Marking the field as Required on the page layout only affects the user interface, not the API or other tools. References:

• Create a Custom Picklist Field from the Salesforce Help
• Get Started with Picklists from the Salesforce Trailhead
• Picklist Considerations from the Salesforce Help

• Validation Rules. This is true because validation rules are a declarative way of enforcing data quality and business logic on the Salesforce objects. Validation rules can prevent users from saving records that do not meet certain criteria, such as required fields, unique values, or custom formulas1.
• Record-Triggered Flow. This is true because record-triggered flows are a declarative way of automating business processes and logic on the Salesforce objects. Record-triggered flows can perform actions such as creating, updating, or deleting records, sending emails, or calling Apex classes when a record is created, updated, or deleted2.
• Remote Actions. This is false because remote actions are a programmatic way of invoking Apex methods from Visualforce pages or Lightning components. Remote actions require writing Apex code and using the @RemoteAction annotation to expose the methods to the client-side3.
• Batch Jobs. This is false because batch jobs are a programmatic way of processing large sets of data or records in batches using Apex. Batch jobs require writing Apex code and implementing the Database.Batchable interface to define the start, execute, and finish methods of the job.

References:

• 1: Validation Rules
• 2: Record-Triggered Flows
• 3: Remote Actions
• : Batch Jobs

To satisfy this requirement, a developer should use an invocable method. An invocable method is a method that can be called from a flow and can perform complex logic or integrate with an external system. An invocable method can also return data to the flow, such as a list of order numbers and dates. An invocable method can be annotated with @InvocableMethod to make it available in Flow Builder as an Apex action. An Apex controller is used to provide data and logic to a Visualforce page or a Lightning component, not a flow. An Apex REST class is used to expose custom REST API endpoints, not to retrieve data from an external system. An outbound message is used to send notifications to external systems when a certain event occurs in Salesforce, not to display data on a screen. References:

• Call Apex Code from a Flow
• InvocableMethod Annotation
• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers)

The given Apex code snippet initializes an integer variable x with a value of 0. It then enters a do-while loop where x is set to 1 and then incremented by one before the loop condition is checked. Since the loop only iterates once (as x is now greater than 1), the final value of x when written to the debug log will be 1. References: The explanation can be inferred from understanding the basic working of loops and variables in Apex, as covered in Salesforce Platform Developer I Learning documents. You can also refer to the Apex Developer Guide for more details on Apex syntax and features.

The Order Number field should be defined as an External ID and Unique field in Salesforce. This is because the Order Number is a unique identifier that comes from an external system and needs to be matched with the corresponding order records in Salesforce. An External ID field allows you to use the Order Number as a foreign key for data integration and upsert operations. A Unique field ensures that no two order records have the same Order Number in Salesforce. References:

• Order Fields - Salesforce
• Order | Salesforce Field Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Allow Standard Order Number Field to be Overwritten - Salesforce
• How to Create Number Field Type in Salesforce

 To make a Lightning web component available for a specific page type, such as the Account record page, the developer needs to do two things: expose the component and target the page type. Exposing the component means setting the  tag to true in the component’s metadata file (statusComponent.js-meta.xml). This makes the component visible in the Lightning App Builder and other tools. Targeting the page type means adding the  tag with the appropriate value in the same metadata file. For the Account record page, the value should be lightning__RecordPage. This specifies that the component can be used on any object’s record page. The  tag is optional and defines the display name of the component in the Lightning App Builder. The  tag should not be added to the component’s JavaScript file (statusComponent.js), as this is not a valid syntax and will cause an error. References:

• Configure Components for Lightning Pages and the Lightning App Builder from the Lightning Web Components Developer Guide
• Metadata for Lightning Web Components from the Lightning Web Components Developer Guide
• Lightning Web Components from the Salesforce Developer Center

 Declarative development is the process of creating applications using point-and-click tools and configuration settings, without writing code. To build out the database layer for a Salesforce application, declarative developers can use the following options:

• Roll-Up Summaries: These are fields that calculate values from related records, such as the total amount of closed opportunities for an account. Roll-up summaries can be created on master-detail or lookup relationships, and can use filters to specify which records to include in the calculation1.
• Relationships: These are the links between objects that allow data to be shared and accessed across different objects. There are two types of relationships: master-detail and lookup. Master-detail relationships create a parent-child relationship between two objects, where the master record controls certain behaviors of the detail record, such as security and deletion. Lookup relationships create a loose association between two objects, where the lookup field can be optional or required, and the related record can have its own security and owner2.
• Custom Objects and Fields: These are the basic building blocks of any Salesforce application. Custom objects are the tables that store data specific to the organization or the application. Custom fields are the columns that store the attributes of each record in the object. Custom objects and fields can be created and modified using the Object Manager in Setup3.

References:

• 1: Define Roll-Up Summary Fields
• 2: Create Object Relationships
• 3: Create Custom Objects and Fields

 The @InvocableMethod annotation is used to identify a method in an Apex class that can be called from a flow, a bot, or an NBA strategy. It is a helpful annotation to provide a seamless admin-friendly way to call the Apex code using simple flows. Invoking Apex from flow is a significant option for providing design patterns that can solve many business problems while also providing great user experience. The other annotations are not suitable for this scenario, as they have different purposes and limitations. For example, the @future annotation is used to execute a method asynchronously, the @RemoteAction annotation is used to expose a method to a Visualforce page, and the @AuraEnabled annotation is used to enable a method to be called from a Lightning web component or an Aura component. References: Annotations, How to Invoke Apex from Flows Using InvocableMethod Annotation, Salesforce Flow

The correct option is C, which includes the import statement for an Apex method named updateAccounts in the class AccountController. In Salesforce, to use an Apex method in a Lightning Web Component (LWC), you need to import it using a specific syntax. The syntax includes the import keyword followed by the method name from '@salesforce/apex/ClassName.MethodName'. This makes the Apex method available for use within the LWC. References:

• 1: Order of Execution (Apex Developer Guide)
• 2: Use a Static Resource (Lightning Web Components Developer Guide)
• 3: Call Apex Methods | Lightning Web Components Developer Guide …
• 4: Wire Apex Methods to Components | Lightning Web Components Developer …
• 5: How to call the apex method in lightning web component
• 6: Using Apex | Lightning Aura Components Developer Guide | Salesforce …

 Developer Edition orgs are free, fully-featured copies of Salesforce that are designed for developers to create and test applications. They have the same configuration as the production org, but with limited data and file storage. Developer Edition orgs are ideal for individual developers or small teams who want to work in their own orgs that are isolated from each other. Full Sandbox orgs are also copies of the production org, but they require a paid license and have a refresh interval of 29 days. Partner Developer Edition orgs are similar to Developer Edition orgs, but they have higher limits on data and file storage, as well as the number of custom objects and tabs. They are available only to Salesforce partners who are enrolled in the Partner Program. Developer Sandbox orgs are copies of the production org metadata, but they have very limited data and file storage, and a refresh interval of one day. They are useful for coding and testing in a disposable environment, but not for developing complex applications that require more resources. References:

• Certification - Platform Developer I - Trailhead
• SALESFORCE CERTIFIED PLATFORM DEVELOPER I
• [Developer Edition Orgs | Salesforce Trailhead]
• [Sandbox Types and Templates | Salesforce Trailhead]

The value of the count field after inserting an Account with an initial value of zero is 2, because both the trigger and the workflow rule will increment the count field by 1. The order of execution for this scenario is as follows:

• The Account record is inserted with a count value of 0.
• The system runs the before insert trigger, which increments the count value to 1.
• The system saves the record to the database, but does not commit yet.
• The system runs the after insert trigger, which does not affect the count value.
• The system executes the workflow rule, which increments the count value to 2.
• The system updates the record again with the new count value.
• The system commits the record to the database.

The field update in the workflow rule is configured to not re-evaluate workflow rules, which means that the workflow rule will not be triggered again by the second update. Therefore, the count value will remain 2.

References: Triggers and Order of Execution, Workflow Field Updates, Learn Salesforce Order of Execution

The correct answer is option C. The Lightning code segment that should be written to declare dependencies on a Lightning component, c:accountList, that is used in a Visualforce page is:

This code segment uses the ltng:require tag, which is a base Lightning component that allows you to load external JavaScript libraries and stylesheets in your Lightning components. The scripts attribute specifies the name and path of the JavaScript file that is uploaded as a static resource. The afterScriptsLoaded attribute specifies the name of the client-side controller action that is called after the scripts are loaded. This way, you can ensure that the c:accountList component has access to the JavaScript library that it depends on.

The other options are not valid code segments for declaring dependencies on a Lightning component. Option A uses the ltng:dependency tag, which is used to declare dependencies between Lightning components, not between a Lightning component and a JavaScript library. Option B uses the ltng:include tag, which is not a valid tag in the Lightning component framework. Option D uses the ltng:import tag, which is also not a valid tag in the Lightning component framework.

References: ltng:require - documentation, Using External JavaScript Libraries, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

The correct implementation is to implement the line amount as a numeric formula field and the order amount as a roll-up summary field. This is because formula fields can calculate values based on other fields, such as quantity and price, without requiring any code or process1. Roll-up summary fields can aggregate values from related records, such as the sum of line amounts for an order, without requiring any code or process2. This solution is the most declarative and efficient way to achieve the requirement.

References:

• 1: Create Formula Fields
• 2: Define Roll-Up Summary Fields

The code snippet above is not bulkified, meaning it does not handle multiple records efficiently. It performs a SOQL query inside a for loop, which can quickly hit the governor limit of 100 SOQL queries per transaction. The best technique to avoid reaching the governor limit is to refactor the code above to perform only one SOQL query, filtering by the Set of opportunityIds. This way, the code will retrieve all the OpportunityLineItems related to the given opportunityIds in one query, and avoid unnecessary iterations and queries.

References:

• Apex Developer Guide on Bulkifying Code (1)
• Apex Developer Guide on SOQL For Loops (2)
• Apex Developer Guide on System.Limits Class (3)

The code should be altered to collect the insert method return value as a SaveResult variable, which can provide information about the success or failure of the insert operation, as well as any errors that occurred. The SaveResult variable can be used to print the error messages or debug logs, or to perform conditional logic based on the outcome of the insert operation. For example, the code can be modified as follows:

Account a = new Account(Name = ‘A’); SaveResult sr = Database.insert(a, false); if (sr.isSuccess()) { System.debug(‘Account inserted successfully’); } else { System.debug('Account insertion failed: ’ + sr.getErrors()[0].getMessage()); }

The second parameter of the Database.insert method is the allOrNone option, which specifies whether to roll back the entire transaction or not if any record fails to insert. Setting it to true or false does not affect the debugging of the issue, but only the behavior of the transaction. Adding a System.debug() statement before the insert method does not help to debug the issue, because it does not provide any information about the insert operation itself. Adding a try/catch around the insert method can help to handle any exceptions that may occur during the insert operation, but it does not provide the same level of detail as the SaveResult variable.

References: SaveResult Class, Database.insert method, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

Data Export is a service that allows you to export data from your Salesforce org to a CSV file. You can use Data Export to back up your data and attachments on a regular basis. You can define a Data Export scheduled job to run weekly or monthly, and specify the objects and fields to include in the export. You can also receive an email notification when the export is complete and download the zip file containing the CSV files from the Setup menu. References:

• Data Export Service from the Salesforce Certified Platform Developer I Exam Guide
• Export Data from the Data Loader Guide
• Export Data from the Salesforce Trailhead

Custom exceptions in Apex are user-defined exception classes that can have their own member variables, methods, constructors, and interfaces. They must extend the system Exception class and have a class name that ends with “Exception”. They cannot extend other classes besides the Exception class. Custom exceptions enable more detailed error messages and custom error handling in catch blocks. They can also be rethrown as inner exceptions to preserve the stack trace information.

References:

• Create Custom Exceptions | Apex Developer Guide
• Exception Class and Built-In Exceptions | Apex Reference Guide
• Handling Exceptions in Apex: Creating and Using Custom Exceptions
• Custom Or User-Defined Exception In Apex | Salesforce Developer Tutorials
• Using custom exception types | Mastering Apex Programming

The correct answer is option B. Use Security.stripInaccessible to remove fields inaccessible to the current user. This method takes a list of records and an access type (READ, UPDATE, CREATE, or UPSERT) and returns a new list of records with the inaccessible fields removed. This way, the Lightning web component can display the records without throwing any errors due to field-level security.

Option A is incorrect because WITH SECURITY_ENFORCED is a SOQL clause that enforces field-level security on all fields in the query. If the query returns any fields that the user does not have access to, the query will throw an exception. This is not desirable for the Lightning web component, as it will prevent the component from displaying any records at all.

Option C is incorrect because Lightning Data Service is a layer of Lightning web components that provides access to Salesforce data and metadata, cache management, and data synchronization. However, Lightning Data Service does not automatically handle field-level security for the records it retrieves. The developer still needs to use Security.stripInaccessible or another method to remove the inaccessible fields.

Option D is incorrect because Lightning Locker Service is a security feature that isolates Lightning web components from each other and from the rest of the page. It does not enforce sharing rules or field-level security for the data that the components access.

References: Security.stripInaccessible (Apex Developer Guide)), WITH SECURITY_ENFORCED (Apex Developer Guide)), Lightning Data Service Basics (Trailhead)), Lightning Locker (Lightning Web Components Developer Guide))

To ensure that Pricing_Structure__c records are available when the test class is executed, the developer can use either a Test Data Factory class or the @isTest(seeAllData=true) annotation. A Test Data Factory class is a reusable class that creates test data for multiple test classes. The developer can use this class to insert the Pricing_Structure__c records before running the test methods. The @isTest(seeAllData=true) annotation allows the test class to access all data in the organization, including the Pricing_Structure__c records. However, this annotation should be used sparingly and only when strictly necessary, as it may cause the test to fail due to data changes or dependencies. The Test.startTest() and Test.stopTest() methods are used to mark the start and end of the test execution, and do not affect the data availability. The without sharing keyword on the class declaration does not affect the test data isolation, and only determines whether the class enforces the sharing rules of the current user or not. References:

• Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Creating Test Data for Apex Tests (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Using the isTest Annotation (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Using the startTest and stopTest Methods (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Using the with sharing or without sharing Keywords (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers) (Salesforce Ben)

To make an Apex method available to a Lightning web component, the developer must follow these considerations1:

• The method must be annotated with the @AuraEnabled annotation, which enables client-side access to the method.
• The method must be either static or part of a global class, and it must be public or global.
• The method must specify the cacheable=true attribute if it only gets data, which enables the method to be invoked at component initialization and improves performance by reducing server round trips.
• The method cannot mutate the result set retrieved from the database, which means it cannot modify, insert, or delete any records. This ensures that the method is idempotent and can be cached safely.
• The method cannot use the @InvocableMethod annotation, which is reserved for methods that are exposed as actions in flows or processes. References:
• 1: Call Apex Methods

The sfdx commands that can be used to add testing data to a Developer sandbox are forced: data:bulk:upsert and forced: data:tree:upsert. The forced: data:bulk:upsert command uses Bulk API 2.0 to upsert records from a CSV file into an org1. The forced: data:tree:upsert command uses the SObject Tree Save API to import records from a JSON file that describes objects and relationships2. The forced: data:object:upsert command is not valid, and the forced: data:async:upsert command does not exist.

References:

• Salesforce CLI Command Reference - force:data:bulk:upsert
• Salesforce CLI Command Reference - force:data:tree:upsert

To check the code coverage of a class after running all tests, the developer should view the code coverage percentage for the class using the Overall Code Coverage panel in the Developer Console Tests tab. This panel shows the code coverage for each class and trigger in the org, as well as the overall code coverage percentage. The developer can also double-click on a class or trigger name to see the code coverage details, such as which lines are covered or not covered by tests.

The other options are not correct because:

• A. View the Code Coverage column in the list view on the Apex Classes page. This option only shows the code coverage percentage for each class, but not the details of which lines are covered or not covered by tests. It also does not show the code coverage for triggers or the overall code coverage percentage.
• B. View the Class Test Percentage tab on the Apex Class fist view m Salesforce Setup. This option does not exist in Salesforce Setup. There is no such tab or view for Apex classes.
• D. Select and run the class on the Apex Test Execution page in the Developer Console. This option only runs the test methods in the selected class, but does not show the code coverage for the class or other classes and triggers in the org.

References:

• : Testing and Code Coverage
• : Developer Console

The with sharing keyword on the class declaration enforces the sharing rules that apply to the current user. This means that the user can only see and modify the records that they have access to based on the organization-wide defaults, role hierarchy, sharing rules, manual sharing, teams, and territories. The without sharing keyword, on the other hand, ignores the sharing rules and allows the user to access all records, regardless of ownership or sharing settings. This can pose a security risk and should be used with caution. The schema describe calls and the UserInfo Apex class do not directly affect the sharing rules, but rather provide information about the object and field permissions, and the user’s profile and role, respectively. These can be used to check the user’s access level, but not to enforce the sharing rules on the custom search tool. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Using the with sharing, without sharing, and inherited sharing Keywords, pages 13-14
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Apex Basics and Database, unit 3

To find the current user’s default record type for a given object, such as Opportunity, the developer can use the Opportunity.SObjectType.getDescribe().getRecordTypeInfos() method to get a list of RecordTypeInfo objects that represent the record types available to the current user1. Then, the developer can iterate through the list and check the isDefaultRecordTypeMapping() method on each RecordTypeInfo object to determine which one is the default record type for the current user2. The default record type is the one that is automatically assigned to new records created by the user, unless the user selects a different record type3.

The developer cannot use the other options to find the current user’s default record type. Option A is incorrect because there is no such method as profile.Opportunity.getDefaultRecordType(). Option C is incorrect because there is no such class as Schema.userInfo. Option D is incorrect because it does not find the default record type before inserting the record, but rather after creating the record, which may not be the same as the default record type. References:

• RecordTypeInfo Class | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Get Default Record Type Id & Name in Apex - Salesforce Stack Exchange
• Set Record Type Preferences - Salesforce Help

The Apex method that is wired to the searchResults property should be defined as a static method with the @AuraEnabled(cacheable=true) annotation. This annotation enables the method to be called from the Lightning component and also allows the method to be cached by the Lightning Data Service. Caching the method improves the performance and user experience of the component, as it reduces the number of server requests and displays the data faster. The cacheable attribute should be set to true only for methods that return data that does not change frequently or does not depend on the user context. The term parameter should be used to filter the Opportunities based on the user input. References: Call Apex Methods, Improve Performance with Storable Actions, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

Formulas are expressions that are used to calculate and display values based on the data in your records. Formulas can be used in various contexts, such as formula fields, validation rules, workflow rules, and so on. Some of the characteristics related to formulas are:

• Formulas are calculated at runtime and are not stored in the database. This means that every time a record is viewed or a report is run, the formula is evaluated based on the current data in the record. This ensures that the formula results are always up to date and accurate1.
• Formulas can reference values in related objects. This means that you can use formulas to access data from parent or child objects, or even from objects that are indirectly related via lookup or master-detail relationships. For example, you can use a formula field on the Opportunity object to display the account owner’s name by referencing the Owner.Name field on the Account object2.
• Formulas cannot reference themselves. This means that you cannot use a formula field or variable as part of its own definition. For example, you cannot create a formula field called Total Amount that adds itself to another field. This would create a circular reference and cause an error3.
• Fields that are used in a formula field cannot be deleted or edited without editing the formula. This means that if you want to delete or change a field that is referenced by a formula field, you have to modify the formula field first to remove or update the reference. Otherwise, the formula field will become invalid and display an error. References: 1: Formula Operators and Functions by Context - Salesforce Developers (3) 2: Cross-Object Formulas - Salesforce Help (4) 3: Tips for Working with Formulas - Salesforce Help (5) : Considerations for Deleting Fields - Salesforce Help (6)

This is because when a DML exception is thrown, it means that the operation failed due to some error, such as a validation rule, a trigger, or a governor limit. If the exception is not handled, it will cause the entire transaction to roll back and display an unhandled exception message to the user. To handle exceptions gracefully, the developer should use a try/catch block to catch the exception and handle it in a way that does not disrupt the user experience, such as logging the error, displaying a custom message, or retrying the operation. References: The use of try/catch blocks for handling exceptions is covered under Apex basics on Trailhead1. You can also find more information on DML exceptions and how to handle them in the Apex Developer Guide2.

The correct answer is D because it uses the StandardSetController class, which provides built-in pagination support for Visualforce pages. The StandardSetController can be initialized with a list of sObjects, a SOQL statement, or the ID of a filter. It also provides methods to navigate through the pages of data, such as first(), last(), next(), and previous(). By using the StandardSetController, the developer can avoid hitting the view state limit, which is 135 KB for Visualforce pages. The view state is the amount of data that is persisted between page requests. It includes the component tree, component attributes, and controller state. The StandardSetController reduces the view state size by storing only the current page of data in the view state, and not the entire data set.

The other options are incorrect because they do not provide an efficient or reliable way to implement pagination for Visualforce pages. Option A uses lazy loading and a transient list variable, which are not recommended for pagination. Lazy loading is a technique that defers loading data until it is needed, which can improve the initial page load time, but it can also cause performance issues if the data set is large or complex. A transient list variable is a variable that is not stored in the view state, which can reduce the view state size, but it can also cause data loss or inconsistency if the page is refreshed or redirected. Option B uses JavaScript remoting with SOQL offset, which is not a good practice for pagination. JavaScript remoting is a technique that allows Visualforce pages to communicate with Apex controllers using asynchronous JavaScript calls. SOQL offset is a clause that allows skipping a specified number of rows in a query result. However, JavaScript remoting has some limitations, such as the maximum size of the response payload (15 MB) and the maximum number of remoting calls per page (10). SOQL offset also has some limitations, such as the maximum offset value (2,000) and the performance impact of skipping many rows. Option C implements pagination with an OffsetController, which is a custom controller that uses the SOQL offset clause to paginate the data. This option has the same drawbacks as option B, as it relies on the SOQL offset clause, which is not a scalable or performant solution for pagination. References:

• Trailhead: Pagination with a StandardSetController
• Trailhead: Visualforce View State
• Salesforce Developer Guide: StandardSetController Class
• [Salesforce Developer Guide: JavaScript Remoting for Visualforce]
• [Salesforce Developer Guide: SOQL OFFSET Clause]

The correct answer is to use the with sharing keyword in the Apex class. This keyword enforces the sharing rules that apply to the current user. This means that the Apex code respects the user’s permissions, field-level security, and sharing rules when querying or modifying records. This ensures that only records accessible to the currently logged in user are displayed. References: Apex Developer Guide

The problem of duplicate order records is caused by the integration not being able to identify the existing order record in Salesforce and creating a new one instead. To prevent this, the integration needs to use a unique identifier that can match the order record in both systems. The order number in the OMS can serve as such an identifier, if it is guaranteed to be unique and not reused. Therefore, the following actions can prevent the duplicate order records from being created in Salesforce:

• Option A: Ensure that the order number in the OMS is unique. This will ensure that there is no ambiguity or confusion when matching the order records in both systems.
• Option B: Use the order number from the OMS as an external ID. An external ID is a custom field that can be used to store a unique identifier from an external system. By using the order number from the OMS as an external ID, the integration can use the upsert operation to either insert a new order record or update an existing one based on the external ID value.

References:

• Trailhead: Data Modeling (1)
• Trailhead: Data Integration (2)
• Apex Developer Guide: Upserting Records (3)

When multiple triggers are associated to the same object and event, such as before insert, Salesforce does not guarantee the order of execution of those triggers. Therefore, it is best practice to avoid having multiple triggers for the same object and event, and instead consolidate the logic into a single trigger handler class. This way, you can control the order of execution of your trigger logic and avoid unexpected results or conflicts. References: Triggers and Order of Execution, Best Practices for Implementing Salesforce Triggers, Trigger Order Of Execution In Apex

Lightning Web Components use the standard web component model, which includes the concept of Shadow DOM. Shadow DOM is a mechanism that isolates the component’s internal DOM from the rest of the page, creating a boundary that prevents the component from accessing or being affected by the elements outside of its own subtree. However, this also means that events that are fired from within the component’s shadow DOM do not propagate to the parent or ancestor components by default, unless they are configured to do so.

To configure how an event propagates, the component that dispatches the event can set two properties on the custom event object: bubbles and composed. The bubbles property determines whether the event can bubble up the containment hierarchy, which is the tree of components that contains the event source. The composed property determines whether the event can cross the shadow boundary, which is the boundary between the component’s shadow DOM and the light DOM of its parent component.

The possible values and effects of these properties are:

• bubbles: true, composed: true: The event can bubble up the containment hierarchy and cross the shadow boundary. This means that the event can be handled by any component that is an ancestor of the event source, regardless of whether it is in the same shadow DOM or not. This is the most common setting for custom events that need to communicate with other components in the page.
• bubbles: true, composed: false: The event can bubble up the containment hierarchy, but cannot cross the shadow boundary. This means that the event can be handled by any component that is an ancestor of the event source, as long as it is in the same shadow DOM. This is useful for custom events that need to communicate with other components within the same shadow tree, but not outside of it.
• bubbles: false, composed: true: The event cannot bubble up the containment hierarchy, but can cross the shadow boundary. This means that the event can be handled only by the component that dispatched the event, or by the component that contains the event source in its light DOM. This is useful for custom events that need to communicate with the direct parent component, but not with any other ancestor components.
• bubbles: false, composed: false: The event cannot bubble up the containment hierarchy, nor can it cross the shadow boundary. This means that the event can be handled only by the component that dispatched the event. This is useful for custom events that do not need to communicate with any other components, but only with the event source itself.

Therefore, the correct answer is B. bubbles: true, composed: true, as this is the only setting that enables the event to bubble up the containment hierarchy and cross the shadow boundary.

References:

• Configure Event Propagation
• Handle Events

This code is vulnerable to a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack, because it takes user-supplied input and outputs it directly back to the user without escaping the XSS-vulnerable characters, such as <, >, ", ', and &. By setting the escape attribute to false, the developer disables the anti-XSS filter that is enabled by default for most Visualforce tags. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious HTML or JavaScript code into the userInput parameter, which can then execute on the user’s browser and compromise their security or privacy. References:

• Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
• Security Tips for Apex and Visualforce Development
• Security Guidelines for Apex and Visualforce Development

The @HttpInvocable annotation is used to expose an Apex class as a RESTful web service. This allows the class to be invoked by a REST client, enabling external systems to interact with Salesforce via the API. The methods within the class that are exposed as REST web services must be static and global or public. References: Apex Developer Guide

A record-trigger flow on Opportunity is the most efficient way for a developer to implement this requirement, because it allows the developer to automate the creation and assignment of a Task without writing any code. A record-trigger flow can be configured to run when a record is created, updated, or deleted, and it can access and update related records using flow elements1. A record-trigger flow on Opportunity can also use the $Record global variable to access the Opportunity Owner and assign the Task to them2.

An auto-launched flow on Task is not an efficient way to implement this requirement, because it requires the developer to manually invoke the flow from another process, such as a trigger or a button3. An auto-launched flow on Task cannot access the Opportunity record or its Owner without a lookup element, which adds complexity and reduces performance.

An Apex trigger on Task is not an efficient way to implement this requirement, because it requires the developer to write and maintain code, which is more prone to errors and harder to debug than a flow. An Apex trigger on Task also cannot access the Opportunity record or its Owner without a SOQL query, which consumes governor limits and increases the risk of hitting the 101 SOQL limit.

A Task action is not an efficient way to implement this requirement, because it requires the user to manually create and assign the Task from the Opportunity record page. A Task action does not automate the process, and it relies on the user to remember and follow the business rule. References:

• 1: Automate Your Business Processes with Record-Triggered Flows
• 2: Use the $Record Global Variable in Record-Triggered Flows
• 3: Automate Your Business Processes with Scheduled and Platform Event–Triggered Flows
• : Access and Update Related Records in Flows
• : Apex Triggers
• : Apex Governor Limits
• : Create Actions for the Action Bar

 In Salesforce, the sharing rules are always enforced for the running user if not explicitly stated otherwise. The running user’s permissions and field-level security are always enforced, regardless of whether the class is defined with or without sharing. So in this case, since there is no explicit sharing declaration in the provided code snippet, it defaults to enforcing the sharing rules for the running user. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Using the with sharing, without sharing, and inherited sharing Keywords
• Trailhead: Apex Sharing and Security

To deploy Apex code to a production environment, the developer must ensure that the Apex classes have at least 75% code coverage org-wide, and that all triggers have some code coverage. This means that at least one line of code must be executed for the Apex trigger during the test execution. Code coverage is a measure of how many lines of code are executed by the test methods. Code coverage helps to ensure that the Apex code works as expected and that it does not break any existing functionality. Code coverage also helps to prevent deploying code that has not been tested or that has bugs. All methods in the test classes must use @isTest or the testMethod keyword, but this is not a factor for deploying the modification, as it is a requirement for creating the test classes in the first place. The @isTest annotation and the testMethod keyword are equivalent ways of marking a method as a test method. Test methods are methods that verify the functionality of the Apex code and do not count against the code limit of the organization. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Testing Apex, pages 1-2
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Apex Testing, unit 6

Adding system.debug statements to the code is a common and effective way to troubleshoot issues with Apex triggers. System.debug statements allow the developer to log messages, variables, or expressions to the debug log, which can be viewed in the Developer Console or other tools1. By adding system.debug statements at strategic points in the trigger code, the developer can track the execution flow, check the values of variables, and identify the root cause of the issue. Disabling the trigger in production is not a good practice, as it can affect the business logic and data integrity of the org2. Using the Apex Interactive Debugger is a powerful tool that allows the developer to set breakpoints, inspect variables, and execute code line by line, but it requires a paid license and a supported IDE3. Reviewing the Historical Event logs can provide useful information about the performance, security, and usage of the org, but it may not be sufficient to pinpoint the exact issue with the trigger4. References:

• Debug Your Code | Salesforce Trailhead
• Triggers | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Apex Interactive Debugger | Salesforce Developer Tools
• Event Monitoring | Salesforce Trailhead

The TestVisible annotation allows test methods to access private or protected members of another class outside the test class. This way, the developer can write unit tests for a private method in an Apex class without changing the access modifier of the method. The SeeAllData annotation allows test methods to access all data in the organization, including records that are normally hidden from test methods. This is not related to testing private methods. Adding a test method in the Apex class is not a good practice, as it mixes production and test code in the same class. Marking the Apex class as global makes it accessible by any Apex code that has access to the class, not just test methods. This can expose the class to unwanted modifications or invocations. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests, page 1
• Apex Developer Guide: Testing Best Practices, page 1
• Apex Developer Guide: Annotation TestVisible, page 1
• [Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Apex Testing], unit 6

 The method must be decorated with @AuraEnabled to make it accessible from a Lightning web component. The @AuraEnabled annotation enables client- and server-side access to an Apex controller method. Without this annotation, the Lightning web component can’t call the Apex method. The cacheable=true attribute is optional and indicates whether the method can be cached by the client. The method can return any data type that can be serialized into JSON, such as a JSON object, a JSON array, a primitive type, or a custom type. The method does not need to return a string of a serialized JSON array, as the framework handles the serialization and deserialization automatically. References:

• Lightning Web Components Developer Guide: Call Apex Methods, pages 1-2
• Apex Developer Guide: Annotation AuraEnabled, page 1
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Lightning Web Components, unit 5

The correct answer is option C, which is the upsert statement. In Salesforce, when you have a custom object and want to insert new records and update existing ones using an external ID field, you use the upsert DML operation. The upsert statement either inserts or updates sObject records based on the value of a specified unique external ID field. References: The information can be referenced from the official Salesforce documentation and learning materials available on Trailhead. Specifically, it aligns with the objectives outlined in data modeling and management, as well as Apex programming basics where DML operations are discussed. Salesforce DML Operations

The correct statement is D, because it uses the SOSL syntax to search for the phrase ‘ACME’ in all fields of the Contact and Lead objects, and returns a list of sObjects that match the criteria. The other statements are incorrect because:

• A uses the SOQL syntax, which can only query one object at a time, and the LIKE operator requires a wildcard character (%) before and after the search term.
• B uses the SOSL syntax, but returns a list of lists of sObjects, which is not the expected output.
• C uses the SOSL syntax, but returns a map of sObjects, which is not the expected output. References:
• SOSL Syntax - Salesforce
• SOSL Statements - Salesforce
• SOQL and SOSL Reference - Salesforce

The tag is a Lightning component that allows you to load external CSS and JavaScript libraries in your Aura components. The tag has the following capabilities:

• One-time loading for duplicate scripts: The tag ensures that the same script or style resource is loaded only once, even if it is specified in multiple tags in the same component or across different components. This avoids unnecessary loading and potential conflicts.
• Specifying loading order: The tag allows you to specify the order in which the scripts and styles are loaded, by using comma-separated lists in the scripts and styles attributes. The resources are loaded in the order you specify them, which is important for maintaining dependency order and avoiding errors.
• Loading externally hosted scripts: The tag enables you to load scripts that are hosted on external servers, such as CDN or third-party services, by using the full URL of the script in the scripts attribute. This can be useful for accessing libraries that are not available as static resources in Salesforce.

References: ltng:require - documentation, Using External JavaScript Libraries, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

A scratch org is a temporary Salesforce instance, typically used for a specific development. To create and manage scratch orgs, a developer needs to enable the Dev Hub feature in a Salesforce org. The Dev Hub org acts as a central hub for creating and tracking scratch orgs. The Dev Hub org can be a production org, a developer edition org, or a business org. The Dev Hub feature is not available in sandboxes or environment hubs. References: Scratch Orgs | Salesforce DX Developer Guide, Get Started With Salesforce Scratch Orgs

QUESTIN NO: 4

A developer must implement a CheckPaymentProcessor class that provides check processing payment capabilities that adhere to what defined for payments in the PaymentProcessor interface. public interface PaymentProcessor { void pay(Decimal amount); } Which is the correct implementation to use the PaymentProcessor interface class?

A. Public class CheckPaymentProcessor implements PaymentProcessor {

public void pay(Decimal amount) {}

}

B. Public class CheckPaymentProcessor implements PaymentProcessor {

public void pay(Decimal amount);

}

C. Public class CheckPaymentProcessor extends PaymentProcessor {

public void pay(Decimal amount);

}

D. Public class CheckPaymentProcessor extends PaymentProcessor {

public void pay(Decimal amount) {}

}

Answer: A

To use the PaymentProcessor interface class, the CheckPaymentProcessor class must implement the interface using the implements keyword and provide a concrete implementation of the pay method with the same signature as defined in the interface. The extends keyword is used for inheritance, not for implementing interfaces. The pay method must have a body with curly braces, not a semicolon. References:

• Get Started with Platform Developer I Study Guide - Salesforce
• Certification - Platform Developer I - Trailhead
• SALESFORCE CERTIFIED PLATFORM DEVELOPER I

The Lead Source field is a standard picklist field that indicates the source of the lead, such as web, phone inquiry, partner referral, and others1. The Lead Source field is related to the contact, account, and opportunity Source fields, and the value can be inherited from one field to the next as a lead progresses through the funnel2. To ensure that a user populates the Lead Source field prior to converting a lead, the best option is to use a validation rule. A validation rule is a formula that evaluates the data in one or more fields and returns a value of true or false3. Validation rules verify that the data a user enters in a record meets the standards you specify before the user can save the record3. By creating a validation rule on the Lead object that checks if the Lead Source field is blank, you can prevent the user from converting the lead without filling in the Lead Source field. You can also display a custom error message to inform the user of the requirement3. For example, the validation rule formula could be:

ISBLANK(LeadSource)

And the error message could be:

Please enter a value for Lead Source before converting the lead.

Using a formula field, Lead Conversion field mapping, or an after trigger on Lead are not effective ways to ensure that the user populates the Lead Source field prior to converting a lead. A formula field is a read-only field that derives its value from a formula expression you define. It cannot be edited by the user and cannot enforce data entry. Lead Conversion field mapping is a way to specify how fields in the lead record are transferred to the fields in the contact, account, and opportunity records during lead conversion. It cannot prevent the user from converting the lead without entering the Lead Source field. An after trigger on Lead is a piece of Apex code that executes after a lead record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted. It cannot validate the data entered by the user before the lead conversion occurs. References: 1 Lead | Object Reference for the Salesforce Platform | Salesforce Developers1, 2 Let’s Talk About Salesforce Lead Source | Salesforce Ben2, 3 Validation Rules | Salesforce Help3, Formula Field | Salesforce Field Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers, Map Lead Fields for Lead Conversion | Salesforce Help, Triggers | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

A validation rule is a declarative way to enforce data quality and business logic on the records. A validation rule can prevent a record from being deleted if it does not meet certain criteria, such as having a specific field value. For example, a validation rule on the Container__c object could be:

NOT(ISPICKVAL(Status__c, “Decommissioned”))

This validation rule would prevent any Container record from being deleted unless its Status__c field is “Decommissioned”.

An Apex trigger is a programmatic way to execute custom logic before or after a record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted. An Apex trigger can also prevent a record from being deleted by using the SObject.addError() method, which displays an error message and rolls back the transaction. For example, an Apex trigger on the Container__c object could be:

trigger ContainerTrigger on Container__c (before delete) { for (Container__c c : Trigger.old) { if (c.Status__c != ‘Decommissioned’) { c.addError(‘You can only delete decommissioned containers.’); } } }

This trigger would iterate over the records that are being deleted and check their Status__c field. If the field is not “Decommissioned”, it would add an error to the record and prevent the deletion.

B. After record-triggered flow and D. Before record-triggered flow are not correct answers because record-triggered flows cannot prevent records from being deleted. Record-triggered flows are a declarative way to automate business processes and execute actions when a record is created, updated, or deleted. However, record-triggered flows do not have the ability to display custom error messages or roll back transactions. Therefore, they cannot be used to enforce the business requirement of only allowing decommissioned containers to be deleted. References: Validation Rules, Apex Triggers, Record-Triggered Flows

 To override the Contact’s Edit button and provide custom user interfaces in both Salesforce Classic and Lightning Experience, the developer should use a Visualforce page in Salesforce Classic and a Lightning component in Lightning Experience. This is because Visualforce pages are supported as overrides in Salesforce Classic, but not in Lightning Experience or mobile. On the other hand, Lightning components are supported as overrides in Lightning Experience and mobile, but not in Salesforce Classic. Therefore, the developer needs to use different technologies for different user interfaces. The developer can specify the override type and the page or component to use for each user interface in the Buttons, Links, and Actions settings of the Contact object. References: Override Standard Buttons and Tab Home Pages, Standard Actions and Overrides Basics, Override Buttons, Links, and Tabs with Visualforce

The best way to declare maxAttempts to meet the requirements is to declare it as a private static variable on a helper class. This will ensure that the variable is initialized only once per Apex transaction, and that its value is preserved and shared across trigger executions. A private static variable is a variable that belongs to a class and not an instance, and that can only be accessed within the class. A helper class is a class that contains common methods or variables that can be used by other classes or triggers.

References: The use of private static variables and helper classes can be referenced in the Salesforce Platform Developer I learning documents, specifically in modules that cover Apex basics and triggers, such as:

• Apex Basics & Database
• Apex Triggers
• Apex Testing

 Salesforce CLI is a command-line interface that allows developers to create, test, and deploy code and configurations to any Salesforce environment1. Salesforce CLI is the recommended tool for deploying custom Apex code and Lightning Components, as it provides more flexibility, control, and automation than other deployment methods2. Salesforce CLI can also integrate with source control systems, such as Git, to enable version control and collaboration among developers3. Using a change set is another option to deploy code and configurations from one Salesforce org to another, but it has some limitations, such as requiring a deployment connection, not supporting all metadata types, and not allowing selective deployment of components4. Using the Force.com IDE or the Ant Migration Tool are also possible ways to deploy code and configurations, but they are less user-friendly and require more manual steps than Salesforce CLI5 . References:

• Salesforce CLI | Salesforce Developer Tools
• Deploy Your Code with Salesforce CLI | Salesforce Trailhead
• Manage Projects with Salesforce DX | Salesforce Trailhead
• Change Sets | Salesforce Trailhead
• Force.com IDE | Salesforce Developer Tools
• [Ant Migration Tool | Salesforce Developer Tools]

 To efficiently generate the required data for each unit test, the best approach is to use @TestSetup with a void method. This annotation allows you to create common test data that is available for all test methods in the test class. The data is rolled back after each test method, so you don’t have to worry about deleting or modifying it. This way, you can avoid duplicating code and improve performance by reducing the number of DML operations. The other options are not correct because:

• Creating test data before Test.startTest in the unit test means that you have to repeat the same code for every test method that needs the same data. This can make your test class longer and harder to maintain. It also consumes more DML statements and governor limits.
• Creating a mock using the Stub API is useful for testing callouts or interfaces, not for creating test data. A mock object is a fake object that simulates the behavior of a real object. It does not persist any data in the database.
• Adding @IsTest(seeAllData=true) at the start of the unit test class is not a good practice, as it makes your test methods depend on the data in the org. This can cause your tests to fail or behave inconsistently if the data changes or is not available. It also exposes your test methods to the risk of violating data privacy or security policies. References:
• Generate Data for Tests
• Testing Best Practices
• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers)

The Aura application event propagation framework supports three phases for the propagation of application events: capture, bubble, and default. The capture and bubble phases are similar to DOM handling patterns and provide an opportunity for interested components to interact with an event and potentially control the behavior for subsequent handlers. The default phase preserves the framework’s original handling behavior and can be useful for handling application events that affect components in different sub-trees of your app. The emit and control phases are not part of the Aura application event propagation framework. References: Application Event Propagation, Application Events, Communicate with Events

 A developer can execute tests in an org using the following methods:

• Setup Menu: By browsing to setup->Apex Test Execution, the developer can select and run tests from the user interface1.
• SalesforceDX: By using the Salesforce CLI on the command line, the developer can run tests in an org using the force:apex:test:run command2. This command can also be used from Salesforce Extensions for VS Code or from within third-party continuous integration tools, such as Jenkins or CircleCI2.
• Tooling API: The developer can also run tests using the Tooling REST API. Use the /runTestsAsynchronous/ and /runTestsSynchronous/ endpoints to run tests asynchronously or synchronously3.

References:

• 1: Get a Refresh on Testing Unit | Salesforce Trailhead
• 2: Run Apex Tests | Salesforce DX Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 3: What are three ways for a developer to execute tests in an Org?

 The correct answers are A and C because they use partial DML statements and the Database.Savepoint method, which are both best practices for ensuring transaction control and avoiding exceeding governor limits. Partial DML statements allow the developer to specify whether to allow partial success or rollback on failure when performing DML operations on multiple records. This can help avoid hitting the DML row limit (10,000) or the DML statement limit (150) by committing only the valid records and reporting the errors for the invalid ones. The Database.Savepoint method allows the developer to create a savepoint, which is a point in the request that specifies the state of the database at that time. The developer can then use the Database.rollback method to revert the database to the state of a specific savepoint, discarding any changes made after that point. This can help avoid hitting the CPU time limit (10,000 ms) or the heap size limit (6 MB) by rolling back any resource-intensive actions that are not necessary or successful.

The other options are incorrect because they do not provide effective techniques for ensuring transaction control and avoiding exceeding governor limits. Option B uses the System.Limit class to monitor the current CPU governor limit consumption, which is not a best practice. The System.Limit class provides methods to check the current limit usage and the limit value for various governor limits, such as CPU time, heap size, DML statements, etc. However, monitoring the limit consumption does not prevent hitting the limit, and it can also add extra overhead to the code execution. Instead of checking the limit usage, the developer should optimize the code performance and efficiency by using best practices such as bulkification, caching, asynchronous processing, etc. Option D uses the Readonly annotation to bypass the number of rows returned by a SOQL query, which is not a best practice. The Readonly annotation allows the developer to mark an Apex class or method as read-only, which means that it can only query the database and not perform any DML operations. This can increase the maximum number of rows returned by a SOQL query from 50,000 to 1,000,000, but it also restricts the functionality of the class or method. Moreover, bypassing the query row limit does not solve the problem of performing resource-intensive actions in memory by iterating over the result set, which can still hit the CPU time limit or the heap size limit. Instead of using the Readonly annotation, the developer should use best practices such as query filters, selective queries, query limits, etc. to reduce the size of the result set and improve the query performance. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Using Partial DML
• Apex Developer Guide: Savepoints and Rollbacks
• Apex Developer Guide: Execution Governors and Limits
• Apex Developer Guide: Working with Very Large SOQL Queries

 In order to update a record of a junction object, you must have Read/Write access on the primary relationship and Read/Write access on the junction object. A junction object is a custom object that is used to create a many-to-many relationship between two other objects via two master-detail relationships. The primary relationship is the first master-detail relationship that is created on the junction object, and the secondary relationship is the second master-detail relationship that is created on the junction object. To update a record of a junction object, you need to have Read/Write access on both the junction object and the primary relationship, because:

• Read/Write access on the junction object allows you to modify the fields and values of the junction object record, such as the name, description, or custom fields.
• Read/Write access on the primary relationship allows you to change the parent record of the junction object record, which is also known as reparenting. Reparenting is the process of moving a child record from one parent record to another in a master-detail relationship. Reparenting is not allowed by default in master-detail relationships, but it can be enabled by selecting the Allow reparenting option on the relationship field.

Read access on the primary relationship and Read/Write access on the secondary relationship are not sufficient to update a record of a junction object, because:

• Read access on the primary relationship does not allow you to change the parent record of the junction object record, which may be necessary for some updates. For example, if you want to move an OrderItem record from one Order record to another, you need to have Read/Write access on the primary relationship between OrderItem and Order.
• Read/Write access on the secondary relationship does not affect the update of the junction object record, because the secondary relationship is not involved in the update operation. The secondary relationship is only used to associate the junction object record with another parent record, but it does not allow you to modify the junction object record itself.

References: Junction Object, Reparent Records in Master-Detail Relationships, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

The developer should use an external ID field to ensure the data being integrated is matched to the right records in Salesforce. An external ID field is a custom field that has the External ID attribute, meaning that it contains unique record identifiers from a system outside of Salesforce. When you integrate with an external system, you can use an external ID field to match records based on the external system’s ID, rather than the Salesforce ID. This way, you can avoid creating duplicate records or updating the wrong records. An external ID field can also be used as a relationship field to relate records to other objects. A lookup field is a relationship field that allows users to select a record from another object. A formula field is a read-only field that derives its value from a formula expression. An external object is a custom object that maps to data stored outside Salesforce, such as in an external database. These options are not relevant to matching records based on an external system’s ID. References:

• Salesforce Help: External ID Fields, page 1
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Data Modeling, unit 2

 To mark each Account in a List as either Active or Inactive based on the LastModified field value being more than 90 days, the developer should use a for loop, with an if/else statement inside. This technique allows the developer to iterate over the list of accounts, check the condition for each account, and update the field value accordingly. A switch statement is not suitable for this scenario, because it can only compare one expression with a set of constant values, not a range of values or a date calculation. An if/else statement without a for loop would not be able to process the entire list of accounts, only one account at a time.

References:

• : Loops
• : Switch Statements
• : If-Else Statements

The first step towards troubleshooting the issue is to check the asynchronous job monitoring page to view the job status and logs. This page shows the progress, state, and results of the batch Apex job, as well as any errors or exceptions that occurred during the execution. The developer can use this information to identify the cause of the timeout and take appropriate actions to fix it. References: Using Batch Apex, Use Batch Apex Unit, Execute a batch Apex from Developer Console

External IDs are useful for data integration and synchronization between Salesforce and other external platforms. By mapping records based on the External ID, you can easily import, update, or upsert data from external sources without relying on the Salesforce record ID. External IDs are also indexed, which means they can speed up the SOQL queries that use them as filters or join conditions. References: External ID in Salesforce: Everything You Need To Know, Relating Records by Using an External ID, Certification - Platform Developer I - Trailhead

To create test data within the unit test with the least amount of code, you can use Test.loadData to populate data in your test methods from a static resource containing test data. This way, you don’t have to write code to insert each record individually, and you can reuse the same data for multiple test methods. Test.loadData also allows you to specify the number of records to load, so you can easily test with 200 account records. Using the @isTest(isParallel=true) annotation in the test class does not affect the creation of test data, but it allows the test class to run in parallel with other test classes, which can improve performance. Using the @isTest(seeAllData=true) annotation in the test class is not recommended, as it makes the test methods rely on data in a particular organization, which can cause unexpected failures or inconsistencies. It is also a bad practice to use real data for testing, as it can expose sensitive information or cause unwanted side effects. References:

• Testing Best Practices
• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers)
• Developer Best Practices Checklist

QUESTION: 130

The Job_Application__c custom object has a field that is a Master-Detail relationship to the Contact object, where the Contact object is the Master. As part of a feature implementation, a developer needs to retrieve a list containing all Contact records where the related Account Industry is ‘Technology’ while also retrieving the contact’s Job_Application__c records.

Based on the object’s relationships, what is the most efficient statement to retrieve the list of contacts?

A. [SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Job_Applications_r) FROM Contact WHERE

Account.Industry = ‘Technology’];

B. [SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Job_Applications_r) FROM Contact WHERE

Accounts.Industry = ‘Technology’];

C. [SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Job_Applications_c) FROM Contact WHERE

Accounts.Industry = ‘Technology’];

D. [SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Job_Application_c) FROM Contact WHERE

Account.Industry = ‘Technology’];

Answer: A

To query child records from a parent object, you need to use a subquery inside parentheses. The subquery should specify the fields to retrieve from the child object, and the relationship name to use. The parent object should be specified after the FROM clause, and any filter conditions on the parent object should be specified after the WHERE clause. In this case, the parent object is Contact, the child object is Job_Application__c, the relationship name is Job_Applications__r, and the filter condition is Account.Industry = 'Technology'.

The other options are incorrect because they use the wrong relationship name or syntax. Option B uses Accounts instead of Account, which is not a valid field on the Contact object. Option C uses Job_Applications_c instead of Job_Applications__r, which is not a valid relationship name. Option D uses Job_Application_c instead of Job_Applications__r, which is also not a valid relationship name. References:

• Trailhead: Write SOQL Queries
• Trailhead: Querying Data with SOQL
• Salesforce Developer Guide: Relationship Queries

An error condition formula on a validation rule on Opportunity is the automation that allows the developer to satisfy the requirement in the most efficient manner. A validation rule is a declarative feature that allows you to define criteria for data quality and integrity. It can prevent users from saving records that do not meet the specified conditions. In this case, the developer can create a validation rule on the Opportunity object that checks if the user profile is not Sales Manager, the Opportunity Status is Closed Lost, and the lost reason is blank. If these conditions are true, the validation rule can display an error message and prevent the record from being saved12.

References:

• 1: Validation Rules
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Data Modeling and Management

A master-detail relationship is a parent-child relationship in which the master (parent) record controls certain behaviors of the detail (child) record, such as security, ownership, and deletion. A re-parentable master-detail relationship allows the detail record to be moved to a different master record, as long as the user has the appropriate permissions. This relationship implementation supports the requirements of calculating the total amount on an Order, calculating the line amount for each Line Item, and moving Line Items to a different Order. A lookup relationship is a looser association between two objects, in which the parent record does not control the behaviors of the child record. A re-parentable lookup relationship also allows the child record to be moved to a different parent record, but it does not support the automatic roll-up summary fields or cascade deletion that are needed for the requirements. Therefore, option A is the correct relationship implementation for the scenario. References: Relationships Among Objects | Salesforce Help, Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Data Modeling

An Assignment Flow element is a logic element that allows you to set values in variables, collection variables, record variables, record collection variables, and global variables1. You can use an Assignment Flow element to assign the support representative name to the custom field on the Case object based on the case origin. This way, you can automate the case assignment process without writing any code or using any formula. A trigger, a formula field, and a validation rule are not the best solutions for this scenario, as they either require code, are not dynamic, or do not change the field value. References: 1: Flow Element: Assignment - Salesforce

 Running a flow in debug mode allows the developer to test the flow logic and functionality before activating it. Debug mode also provides detailed information about the flow elements, variables, and outcomes as the flow runs1. However, there are some limitations and considerations for debugging a flow, such as:

• Callouts to external systems are not executed when debugging a flow. This means that any flow elements that invoke Apex actions or invocable actions that make callouts will be skipped during debugging. The developer can use mock responses or stubs to simulate the callout results2.
• DML operations will be rolled back when the debugging ends. This means that any changes made to the database by the flow will not be committed or visible after the debugging session. The developer can use the Developer Console or the Setup Audit Trail to view the DML operations performed by the flow3.

The other two options are incorrect because:

• Clicking Pause or executing a Pause element does not close the flow and end debugging. Instead, it pauses the flow execution and allows the developer to inspect the flow state and variables at that point. The developer can resume the flow execution by clicking Resume or Next4.
• Input variables of type record can be passed into the flow. The developer can specify the record ID or assign field values for the input record variable when debugging the flow. The developer can also use the running user or a different user as the input record variable.

References:

• 1: Debug a Flow in Flow Builder | Salesforce Help
• 2: Debug Flows That Make Callouts | Salesforce Help
• 3: Debug Flows That Perform DML Operations | Salesforce Help
• 4: [Pause a Flow | Salesforce Help]
• : [Set Input Values for a Flow | Salesforce Help]

An Apex REST class is a custom class that defines methods that can be invoked via HTTP requests. The developer can use the @RestResource annotation to expose the class as a REST resource, and use the @HttpGet, @HttpPost, @HttpPut, or @HttpDelete annotations to define the methods that correspond to the HTTP verbs. The developer can also use the RestContext class to access the request and response information, such as the parameters, headers, and body. An Apex REST class can be used to integrate with an external order management system by sending and receiving JSON or XML data, and parsing and serializing it using the built-in Apex methods. The developer can then use the flow:callApex action in the flow to invoke the Apex REST class and pass the data to the screen element. An Apex REST class is different from the other options listed, as they are not suitable for this requirement. An Apex controller is a class that provides logic and data for a Visualforce page or a Lightning component, not a flow. An outbound message is a message that is sent from Salesforce to an external system when a workflow rule is triggered, not when a flow is executed. An invocable method is a method that is annotated with @InvocableMethod and can be called from a process, a flow, or a REST API, but it cannot make HTTP requests to an external system. References:

• Apex REST Methods from the Apex Developer Guide
• Call Apex from Flow from the Salesforce Help
• Integrate with External Systems Using Apex REST Services from the Salesforce Trailhead

To check the test coverage of active Process Builder and Flows deploying them in a Change Set, a developer can use SOQL and the Tooling API. The Tooling API provides the FlowTestCoverage object, which represents the test coverage for a flow or process by a given Apex method. The developer can use SOQL queries to retrieve the FlowTestCoverage records for the flows and processes that are included in the Change Set, and calculate the overall test coverage percentage. The developer can also use the Tooling API to create, update, or delete FlowTestCoverage records.

Option A is incorrect because the Flow properties page does not show the test coverage of the flow or process. Option B is incorrect because the code Coverage Setup page only shows the test coverage of Apex classes and triggers, not flows or processes. Option C is incorrect because the Apex testresult class only provides information about the test execution results, not the test coverage of flows or processes.

References: FlowTestCoverage | Tooling API | Salesforce Developers, How to Invoke Apex from Flows Using InvocableMethod Annotation, How can a developer check the test coverage of active process builder and flows deploying them in a changing set?

The best technique to streamline the data upload is to update the primaryid__c field definition to mark it as an External Id. An external ID is a custom field that has the “External ID” attribute, meaning that it contains unique record identifiers from a system outside of Salesforce. When you select this option, the field becomes searchable in Salesforce and you can use it to integrate with external systems and import data more efficiently1. By marking the primaryid__c field as an external ID, the developer can use it to match the records in the CSV file with the existing records in the candidate_c object, without creating duplicates or errors2.

References:

• 1: Create an External ID Field
• 2: Import Data with External IDs