PCCSE Prisma Certified Cloud Security Engineer Question and Answers

To ingest host findings and generate alerts in Prisma Cloud, integrations with Tenable (B) and Qualys (D) are supported. These integrations allow Prisma Cloud to ingest vulnerability and compliance data from Tenable and Qualys, which are renowned vulnerability management solutions. By integrating these tools, Prisma Cloud can enhance its visibility into the security posture of hosts within the cloud environment, enabling more comprehensive threat detection and response capabilities. The integration facilitates the aggregation and correlation of findings from these external sources, enriching the overall security intelligence and enabling more informed and timely decision-making regarding threat mitigation and compliance management.

To immediately see all alerts associated with a newly onboarded public cloud account based on existing enabled policies, it is essential to assign the account to an account group and then create an alert rule that applies to this account group. By selecting "select all policies," the alert rule will trigger alerts for all existing enabled policies without the need to specify individual policies or add alert notifications for downstream applications.

Managing Defender upgrades in a Prisma Cloud environment requires careful planning, especially in scenarios where not all Defenders can be upgraded simultaneously due to maintenance window constraints.

• Option C: Upgrade a subset of the Defenders by clicking the individual Actions > Upgrade button in the row that corresponds to the Defender that should be upgraded during the maintenance window is the recommended approach in this situation. This option allows administrators to manually select specific Defenders for upgrade within the available maintenance window, providing control over the upgrade process and ensuring that upgrades are aligned with operational requirements and maintenance schedules.

References:

• Prisma Cloud Defender Management Documentation: Details the procedures for managing and upgrading Prisma Cloud Defenders, including manual upgrade processes for individual Defenders.
• Best Practices for Managing Defender Upgrades: Offers guidelines on effectively planning and executing Defender upgrades, emphasizing the importance of aligning upgrade activities with maintenance windows to minimize disruption to the development environment.

In Prisma Cloud, the Defender type responsible for performing registry scanning is the Container Defender. Registry scanning is crucial for ensuring that container images stored in registries are free from vulnerabilities and compliance issues before they are deployed. Container Defenders scan images within container registries, identifying security risks and ensuring that only secure container images are used in deployment, thereby maintaining the integrity and security of containerized applications.

The Adoption Advisor is a feature within Prisma Cloud that aims to improve product operationalization. It provides visibility into how features are utilized, identifies unused capabilities, and suggests ways to leverage the full potential of the platform. Therefore, Option A: Adoption Advisor is the correct answer.

CloudFormation templates, used to describe and provision all the infrastructure resources in cloud environments, support various elements including resources, mappings, parameters, and outputs. However, scan support for CloudFormation templates does not currently exist for nested references, macros, or intrinsic functions (option A). These advanced CloudFormation features can introduce complexity in scanning and interpreting the templates accurately for security and compliance checks.

The correct construction for scanning a container image using the TwistCLI tool in Prisma Cloud is option B. This command specifies the address of the Prisma Cloud Console and the image to be scanned, including its tag. The TwistCLI tool is part of Prisma Cloud's capabilities to integrate security into the CI/CD pipeline, allowing for the scanning of images for vulnerabilities as part of the build process, thus ensuring that only secure images are deployed​​.

In the event a user is unable to log in to the Prisma Cloud Console, Audit Logs serve as a critical area for investigating the issue. Audit Logs provide a detailed record of activities, including login attempts, within the Prisma Cloud environment. By examining the Audit Logs, administrators can identify failed login attempts, understand the reasons behind login failures (e.g., incorrect credentials, account lockouts, or access policy changes), and take appropriate actions to resolve the login issues, ensuring users can access the console as expected.

Outbound notifications in Prisma Cloud refer to the integration with external systems or services for the purpose of alerting or incident management.

• Option D: PagerDuty is an example of an outbound notification within Prisma Cloud. PagerDuty is a popular incident response and alerting service that teams use to manage, track, and respond to incidents in real-time. Prisma Cloud's integration with PagerDuty allows organizations to automatically forward alerts from Prisma Cloud to PagerDuty, enabling streamlined incident management and response workflows.

References:

• Prisma Cloud Integration Documentation: Provides instructions for integrating Prisma Cloud with various external services, including PagerDuty, to enhance alerting and incident management capabilities.
• Incident Management Best Practices: Discusses strategies for effective incident management, highlighting the role of integrations with external alerting services like PagerDuty in improving response times and incident resolution.

Web Application and API Security (WAAS) bot protection within the Prisma Cloud ecosystem includes various types of bots, with "User-defined bots" and "Unknown bots" being two key categories. User-defined bots refer to bots that organizations have explicitly identified and categorized based on their behavior and purpose. These can include legitimate bots such as search engine crawlers or internal automation tools, which are recognized and allowed based on predefined criteria set by the user.

Unknown bots, on the other hand, encompass bots that have not been explicitly identified or categorized by the user or the system. These can potentially include malicious bots that attempt to scrape data, perform DDoS attacks, or exploit vulnerabilities in web applications and APIs. The categorization of unknown bots is crucial for maintaining security, as it allows for the monitoring and analysis of bot behavior to identify potential threats and take appropriate actions.

In the context of Prisma Cloud and its emphasis on securing cloud-native applications, the differentiation between user-defined and unknown bots is significant. Prisma Cloud's approach to WAAS bot protection is designed to provide granular control over bot traffic, enabling organizations to distinguish between beneficial and harmful bot activities. This aligns with the broader goal of ensuring the security and integrity of web applications and APIs in a cloud environment, as highlighted in documents such as the "Prisma-Cloud-Visibility-and-Control-Qualification-Guide" and "Guide-to-CSPM-Tools-Email-Social -LP-Copy." These resources emphasize the importance of comprehensive security measures that include the management of bot traffic to protect against a wide range of web-based threats.

References:

• "Prisma-Cloud-Visibility-and-Control-Qualification-Guide" discusses the importance of visibility and control in cloud environments, including the management of bot traffic as part of a comprehensive security strategy.
• "Guide-to-CSPM-Tools-Email-Social -LP-Copy" highlights the need for advanced security tools and practices, such as WAAS bot protection, to manage and mitigate the risks associated with web applications and APIs in the cloud.

To deploy a single container Defender on an EC2 node in Prisma Cloud Enterprise, the correct steps involve pulling the Defender image to the EC2 node, executing the provided curl | bash script to install the Defender, and then starting the Defender to ensure it is actively running. This process allows the Defender to integrate with the Prisma Cloud platform and provide real-time monitoring and protection for the EC2 instance it is deployed on, aligning with Prisma Cloud's approach to extending security coverage to individual cloud resources​​.

To create a custom Identity and Access Management (IAM) policy that alerts on Lambda functions with permissions to terminate EC2 instances, the correct RQL query structure involves specifying the source service (Lambda), the destination service (EC2), and the specific action of interest ('ec2:TerminateInstances'). The query should identify configurations where a Lambda function ('source.cloud.service.name = 'lambda' and 'source.cloud.resource.type = 'function') has been granted permissions that allow it to perform the 'ec2:TerminateInstances' action on EC2 instances ('dest.cloud.service.name = 'ec2'). This query helps in identifying and mitigating potential risks associated with overly permissive functions that could inadvertently or maliciously impact the availability of EC2 resources.

In Azure, permissions can be assigned at various levels, including the subscription, resource group, and management group levels. Prisma Cloud’s Net Effective Permissions Calculation would typically support these levels to effectively calculate and assess permissions across the Azure environment. Therefore, the correct answers would be A: Resource groups, B: Subscription, and C: Management Group. The option marked as "Tenant" is not a selectable answer in the provided format and "Resources" is too generic as it does not specify the permission level.

In Prisma Cloud Compute Self-Hosted Edition, images can be retrieved by first authenticating with the Prisma Cloud registry and then pulling the images from the Prisma Cloud registry. This process ensures secure access to Prisma Cloud images, as authentication is required to access the registry. By using authentication, Prisma Cloud ensures that only authorized users can retrieve and deploy Prisma Cloud images, maintaining the security and integrity of the deployment.

In the context of associating Prisma Cloud policies with compliance frameworks, the most appropriate option is "Custom compliance." Prisma Cloud provides a comprehensive set of security and compliance policies that can be applied to cloud environments. While predefined policies cover a wide range of compliance standards and best practices, every organization has unique requirements and may follow specific compliance frameworks that are not directly included in the predefined policies. Custom compliance allows organizations to define their own compliance frameworks and associate specific Prisma Cloud policies with these custom frameworks. This flexibility ensures that organizations can maintain compliance with their specific regulatory and industry standards, tailoring the Prisma Cloud policies to meet their unique compliance needs. Custom compliance frameworks can be created within Prisma Cloud to include a collection of policies that address the specific controls and requirements of the organization's chosen compliance standards, providing a tailored approach to cloud security and compliance.

For CI/CD plugins supported by Prisma Cloud as part of its DevOps Security, BitBucket (Option A) and CircleCI (Option C) are the correct choices. BitBucket is widely used for source code management and collaboration, while CircleCI is a popular CI/CD platform. Prisma Cloud integrates with these tools to scan code repositories and CI/CD pipelines for security issues, ensuring that vulnerabilities are identified and addressed early in the development process. Visual Studio Code (Option B) and IntelliJ (Option D) are IDEs rather than CI/CD tools, and while they are supported by Prisma Cloud for scanning and security purposes, they are not considered CI/CD plugins.

In Prisma Cloud's alarm center, when an alert notification is deleted, the system is designed to suppress similar alarms for a default duration to prevent alert fatigue and allow administrators to address the underlying issue without being overwhelmed by repetitive notifications. The default suppression duration is set to 12 hours. This means that once an alert is deleted, any similar alarms triggered by the same conditions or configurations will not be generated for the next 12 hours. This feature helps in managing the alert volume, allowing security teams to prioritize and focus on remediation efforts effectively without the distraction of recurring alerts for the same issue.

Within Prisma Cloud's Resource Query Language (RQL), the "Incident" query type is invalid because RQL is designed to query configuration and posture information of cloud resources, not incident data. The valid RQL query types include "Config" for querying resource configurations, "Network" for querying network-related information, "IAM" for querying identity and access management configurations, and "Event" for querying audit events. The focus on resource configurations and audit events aligns with Prisma Cloud's capabilities in cloud security posture management (CSPM) and cloud workload protection platform (CWPP), providing insights into resource configurations, compliance, and network traffic​​.Top of Form

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Console audit logs, which provide records of user activities and changes within the cloud security platform, are typically not viewable directly within the Console itself. They are usually accessible externally to the Console (option B), either through a dedicated logging or security information and event management (SIEM) system, or via cloud provider's logging services. This external access ensures that audit logs are securely stored and managed, providing an immutable record of activities for compliance and forensic analysis.

When the Console is unreachable during upgrades, Defenders continue to alert and enforce using the policies and settings most recently cached before the upgrade (option D). This behavior ensures that security enforcement remains active and consistent, even when the central management console is temporarily unavailable. The cached policies enable Defenders to maintain the security posture based on the last known configuration, ensuring continuous protection against threats and compliance with established security policies. This approach reflects Prisma Cloud's design principle of ensuring uninterrupted security enforcement, thereby safeguarding the environment against potential vulnerabilities during maintenance periods.

Prisma Cloud allows external notifications for policy violations to integrate with various third-party services and internal communication channels. Among the options, Splunk and Email are two services that can be configured to receive notifications about policy violations. Splunk, a software platform for searching, analyzing, and visualizing machine-generated data, can be integrated with Prisma Cloud to provide real-time security insights. Email notifications serve as a direct and accessible method to inform stakeholders about potential security issues, ensuring prompt attention and action.

The correct RQL that will be triggered by the audit event shown in the snippet is Option B. This RQL specifies operations related to storage bucket creation and deletion, which match the provided audit event activity snippet that includes a request to set IAM permissions on a storage bucket. The RQL is designed to capture events that may indicate changes in access permissions or potential data security concerns.

In the MITRE ATT&CK framework, the tactic "Exploit Public-Facing Application" is categorized under Initial Access. This tactic involves leveraging vulnerabilities in public-facing applications to gain unauthorized access to an organization's external services or applications. Initial Access tactics are concerned with the methods adversaries use to gain an initial foothold within a network, and exploiting public-facing applications is a common approach used by attackers to breach external defenses and establish a presence within a target network.

Prisma Cloud supports a wide range of external integrations for receiving Code Security notifications, including popular platforms like Splunk, Cortex XSOAR, and Microsoft Teams. These integrations facilitate seamless communication and automated workflows between Prisma Cloud and other operational tools, enhancing the security response capabilities. However, as of the current understanding, ServiceNow is primarily known for its capabilities in IT service management (ITSM) and incident management, and it might not be directly supported as an external integration specifically for Prisma Cloud Code Security notifications without custom configurations or additional integrations.

To integrate security scanning within Jenkins pipelines for container images, the most appropriate tools are the Compute Azure DevOps plugin and Twistcli. The Compute Azure DevOps plugin is designed to integrate with CI/CD workflows, allowing automated security scanning of container images as part of the build process in Azure DevOps environments. This plugin can be used in conjunction with Jenkins pipelines through integration points or scripting to trigger scans during the build or deployment stages. Twistcli, on the other hand, is a command-line interface tool provided by Prisma Cloud (formerly Twistlock) that allows for scanning of container images for vulnerabilities and compliance issues. Twistcli can be directly integrated into Jenkins pipelines using shell scripts or pipeline commands to perform security scans on container images before they are deployed. This ensures that only secure and compliant container images are used in production environments, aligning with DevSecOps practices.

In Prisma Cloud, saved searches in a cloud account are designed to be a collaborative feature, allowing users to create and share their search queries with others. The access to these saved searches is not limited to administrators or the creators only but extends to all users with whom the saved search has been explicitly shared. This sharing mechanism enables teams to efficiently collaborate on security and compliance monitoring by allowing users to leverage the insights and queries developed by their peers. It ensures that the knowledge and useful search parameters are not siloed but are accessible to all relevant team members, enhancing the overall security posture and efficiency of the organization.

Build Image, Scan Image, Publish Scan, Commit to Registry (if scan result is passed)

Associating Prisma Cloud policies with compliance frameworks is done through the Custom Compliance feature in Prisma Cloud. This feature allows teams to map Prisma Cloud's out-of-the-box (OOTB) policies to various compliance standards and frameworks, thereby enabling organizations to tailor their compliance reporting and management according to specific regulatory requirements or internal compliance mandates.

• Option A: Custom Compliance is the correct choice as it provides the flexibility to customize and align Prisma Cloud policies with an organization's specific compliance needs. It enables the compliance team to create custom compliance standards, map existing Prisma Cloud policies to these standards, and generate compliance reports that reflect the organization's unique compliance posture.

References:

• Prisma Cloud Compliance Documentation: Offers detailed guidance on setting up and managing custom compliance standards within Prisma Cloud, including how to associate policies with these standards.
• Compliance Management Best Practices: Provides insights into effective compliance management strategies in cloud environments, emphasizing the role of customizable compliance frameworks to meet diverse regulatory requirements.

https://prisma.pan.dev/api/cloud/api-urls/

When accessing the Prisma Cloud API for a tenant located on app2.prismacloud.io, the correct API endpoint to use would be https://api2.prismacloud.io. This endpoint corresponds to the Prisma Cloud service instance hosted on app2.prismacloud.io, ensuring that API requests are directed to the correct instance of the service for processing.

The use of api2 in the URL indicates that this is the second instance or a different geographical or functional partition of the Prisma Cloud service, which might be used for load balancing, redundancy, or serving different sets of users. It is crucial to use the correct endpoint corresponding to the Prisma Cloud console URL to ensure successful API communication and authentication.

The API calls that can scan an image named myimage: latest with twistcli and then retrieve the results from Console do not require any additional flags beyond the address, user, and password for the Prisma Cloud Compute console. The --verbose, --details, and --console flags are not necessary for performing the scan and retrieving the results. The twistcli command with the required parameters initiates the scan, and upon completion, the results are available in the Prisma Cloud Compute console for review.

Reference to this process is provided in the Prisma Cloud Compute documentation, which outlines the steps for scanning container images with the twistcli command-line tool and retrieving the results from the Compute Console for analysis and action.

In the SecOps dashboard of a cloud security platform like Prisma Cloud, filters such as Time range and Account Groups are essential for narrowing down the data or security alerts based on specific time periods or organizational structures. The Time range filter allows users to view incidents or compliance data for a particular timeframe, facilitating trend analysis and focusing on recent events. The Account Groups filter enables the segregation of data based on different cloud accounts or organizational units, making it easier for security teams to manage and prioritize security tasks according to the business structure or cloud architecture.

To enable role-based access control (RBAC) for the Docker engine in a Prisma Cloud environment, the first configuration step involves setting Docker’s listener type to TCP. This change allows Docker to accept connections over the network, facilitating the integration with Prisma Cloud Defenders, which can then enforce RBAC policies. Configuring Docker to listen on TCP is essential for enabling communication between the Docker daemon and Prisma Cloud Defenders, which act as the enforcement point for RBAC, controlling which users or services can perform actions on the Docker engine based on their roles and permissions. This setup is foundational for implementing granular access controls and enhancing the security of Docker operations within the environment.

In Azure, to enable Prisma Cloud to calculate net effective permissions across Management Groups, the necessary permission is "Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/descendants/read." This permission grants Prisma Cloud the ability to read the management group hierarchy and the related details, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of the effective permissions applied across different levels of the management group structure. By having this level of access, Prisma Cloud can accurately assess and report on the permissions assigned to various resources and identities within the Azure environment, facilitating better security and compliance management.

• Create CloudTrail with S3 as storage
• Enter SNS Topic in CloudTrail
• Enter RoleARN and SNSARN
• Create Stack

Comprehensive Detailed Explanation:Onboarding an AWS account for use with the Data Security feature involves setting up AWS CloudTrail to monitor API calls and log the data to an Amazon S3 bucket, which is essential for auditing and security purposes.

The first step in the onboarding process is to create an AWS CloudTrail with S3 as the storage destination. This is where all the CloudTrail logs will be collected and stored. The S3 bucket must be properly configured to receive and store logs.

After setting up CloudTrail, the next step is to enter the Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS) topic in CloudTrail. This step involves specifying an SNS topic that CloudTrail will use to send notifications of log file delivery to the specified S3 bucket.

The third step is to enter the Role Amazon Resource Name (RoleARN) and the SNS Amazon Resource Name (SNSARN). RoleARN refers to the IAM role that grants permissions to the CloudTrail to access resources, while SNSARN is the identifier for the SNS topic created in the previous step.

Finally, the last step is to create a stack, which typically refers to deploying a CloudFormation template or another infrastructure as code service in AWS. This stack will set up all the necessary resources and configurations automatically, including the correct permissions and settings for the Data Security feature to function correctly.

These steps ensure that the AWS account is properly configured to capture and store API call logs and to notify the appropriate systems or personnel when specific events occur, thereby enhancing data security monitoring and compliance.

To reduce the number of alerts generated by the "Unusual protocol activity (Internal)" network anomaly without entirely disabling the policy, setting the Alert Disposition to Conservative (option B) is the most effective strategy. This configuration adjusts the sensitivity of the anomaly detection, reducing the likelihood of false positives and minimizing alert fatigue without compromising the ability to detect genuine security threats. By adopting a more conservative approach to anomaly detection, the administrator can ensure that only the most significant and potentially harmful activities trigger alerts, thus maintaining a balance between security vigilance and operational efficiency.

Configuring vulnerability policies within Prisma Cloud involves several options that cater to different aspects of vulnerability management and policy enforcement. Options A, C, and D are valid configurations for vulnerability policies:

A. Individual actions based on package type allow for tailored responses to vulnerabilities found in specific types of software packages, enabling more granular control over the remediation process.

C. Applying policies only when a vendor fix is available helps prioritize the remediation of vulnerabilities for which a patch or update has been released by the software vendor, ensuring efficient use of resources in addressing the most actionable security issues.

D. Setting individual grace periods for each severity level allows organizations to define different time frames for addressing vulnerabilities based on their severity, enabling a prioritized and risk-based approach to vulnerability management.

These configurations support a comprehensive vulnerability management strategy by allowing customization and prioritization based on the nature of the vulnerability, the availability of fixes, and the risk level associated with each vulnerability.

Scanning serverless functions for vulnerabilities and compliance issues is a critical aspect of securing serverless architectures. Prisma Cloud provides a CLI tool, twistcli, which supports scanning serverless function packages.

• Option A: twistcli function scan is the correct command for scanning serverless functions. This command allows users to scan the serverless function package (typically a ZIP file) for vulnerabilities, compliance issues, and other security concerns before deployment. By incorporating this scanning step into the CI/CD pipeline, organizations can ensure that their serverless functions are secure and compliant with relevant policies and standards before they are deployed to production.

References:

• Prisma Cloud twistcli Documentation: Provides comprehensive usage instructions for the twistcli tool, including commands for scanning serverless functions, container images, and IaC templates.
• Serverless Security Best Practices: Discusses the unique security considerations for serverless architectures and the importance of pre-deployment scanning to identify and remediate potential security risks in serverless function code.

To use the automated method within Azure Cloud for streamlining the process of using remediation in the identity and access management (IAM) module, the required actions include configuring the IAM Azure remediation script, integrating with Azure Service Bus, and installing the azure.servicebus & requests library. These steps ensure that the automated remediation system can communicate effectively with Azure services, execute the necessary remediation actions, and address IAM-related alerts by adjusting permissions and access controls as needed. This automation helps maintain a secure and compliant cloud environment by promptly addressing potential IAM issues.

In Prisma Cloud, Defenders play a crucial role in securing cloud environments by monitoring and protecting workloads. The communication between Defenders and the Prisma Cloud Console occurs in real-time, allowing for immediate detection of threats, vulnerabilities, and compliance issues. This real-time communication is essential for maintaining an up-to-date security posture and promptly responding to potential security incidents. The real-time nature of Defender-Console communication ensures that security teams have the latest information and can take swift actions to mitigate risks.

To enforce a rate limit for users posting .tar.gz files, the administrator needs to configure a ban for Denial of Service (DoS) protection with an average rate of 5 and match file extensions on .tar.gz on the Web Application and API Security (WAAS) system. This ensures that if the specified rate is exceeded, the action is blocked, thus providing protection against potential DoS attacks.

In the case of identifying a cryptominer attack through container audits, the options that could have generated this audit include B. High CPU usage over time for the container is detected, which is a common indicator of cryptomining activity as it consumes significant computational resources, C. Common cryptominer process name was found, which directly indicates the presence of cryptomining based on known malicious processes, and E. Common cryptominer port usage was found, suggesting cryptomining activity based on network behavior typical of such attacks.

Onboarding an account for Data Security involves several critical steps to ensure comprehensive coverage and effective monitoring. The steps involved include B. Create a Cloudtrail with SNS Topic to track and manage API calls and relevant notifications, D. Enter the RoleARN and SNSARN to provide necessary access and integration points for data security functions, and E. Create a S3 bucket which serves as a storage solution for logging and data capture essential for security analysis.

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In the Anomaly settings of a cloud security platform, choosing a High alert disposition severity is crucial when the objective is to generate alerts for both low and high severity incidents, especially in scenarios such as reporting unknown browsers and OS, impossible time travel, or account hijacking attempts. Setting the alert severity to High ensures that the security team is promptly notified of both overt and subtle anomalies, enabling quick response to potential security threats that may indicate unauthorized access or suspicious activities within the cloud environment.

In the Prisma Cloud Web-Application and API Security (WAAS) rules, protections against OWASP-recognized vulnerabilities like Local file inclusion, SQL injection, and Shellshock are included. Local file inclusion involves unauthorized access to files on the server, potentially leading to sensitive information disclosure. SQL injection targets data-driven applications by inserting malicious SQL statements into an entry field, while Shellshock exploits vulnerabilities in Bash, a widely used Unix shell, to execute arbitrary commands. These protections are part of Prisma Cloud's comprehensive approach to securing web applications and APIs against common and severe vulnerabilities.

VM image scanning is a critical component of cloud security, allowing organizations to identify vulnerabilities within virtual machine images before deployment. The three major public cloud providers supported for VM image scanning are Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Amazon Web Services (AWS), and Microsoft Azure. These platforms offer extensive infrastructure services and are commonly used in various industries, making them primary targets for VM image scanning integration.

GCP, AWS, and Azure each provide capabilities to store, manage, and deploy VM images through their respective services such as Google Compute Engine, AWS EC2, and Azure Virtual Machines. By integrating VM image scanning with these services, organizations can ensure that their VM images are free from known vulnerabilities and comply with security best practices before being deployed in the cloud environment.

This approach to VM image scanning is consistent with Prisma Cloud's comprehensive security strategy, which emphasizes the importance of securing cloud workloads across the entire development lifecycle. By supporting VM image scanning across GCP, AWS, and Azure, Prisma Cloud enables organizations to maintain a consistent security posture across multiple cloud environments, mitigating the risk of deploying vulnerable or misconfigured VM images that could lead to security breaches.

References:

• Documentation from GCP, AWS, and Azure on VM management and security best practices provide foundational knowledge for understanding how VM image scanning integrates with each cloud provider's infrastructure services.
• Prisma Cloud's documentation and best practices guides offer insights into how VM image scanning is implemented within its security platform to protect cloud workloads across GCP, AWS, and Azure.

In Prisma Cloud, Defender debug logs are essential for troubleshooting and understanding the Defender's operational behavior. The logs can be accessed through two primary methods:

A. The first method (B) involves using the Prisma Cloud Console's user interface. By navigating to Manage > Defenders > Manage > Defenders, administrators can select a deployed Defender from the list and access its logs by clicking Actions > Logs. This method provides a convenient way to view logs directly from the Console without the need to access the Defender host directly.

D. The second method (D) involves accessing the logs directly from the file system of the host where the Defender is deployed. The correct path for the Defender logs is /var/lib/twistlock/log/defender.log. This method is useful for situations where direct access to the host is available, and it allows for more in-depth troubleshooting by examining the raw log files.

Options A and C are incorrect because the paths and navigation steps provided do not accurately reflect the structure and functionality of Prisma Cloud's logging system.

In the Data Security module of cloud security platforms like Prisma Cloud, the types of bucket exposures typically include Public (option A), Private (option B), and Conditional (option E). Public buckets are accessible by anyone on the internet, posing a significant data leakage risk. Private buckets are restricted to authorized users only, offering a higher level of security. Conditional exposure involves buckets that may be accessible under certain conditions or to specific users, requiring careful configuration and policy enforcement to prevent unauthorized access. International (option C) and Differential (option D) do not represent standard types of bucket exposures in cloud security contexts.

While agentless scanning in Prisma Cloud can effectively assess various risks in cloud environments, including host compliance and vulnerabilities, it does not extend to container runtime risks. To inspect risks associated with container runtimes, such as real-time threat detection, behavioral monitoring, and deep visibility into container activity, deploying Prisma Cloud Defenders is necessary. These Defenders are lightweight agents that provide an additional layer of security by monitoring containerized applications in real-time, thereby offering comprehensive protection against threats that may arise during the runtime phase of containers.

The Prisma Cloud Compute Edition is identified as B. Downloadable, self-hosted software. This option indicates that Prisma Cloud Compute Edition is a solution that organizations can deploy within their own infrastructure, providing them with control over the installation, configuration, and management of the security platform.

The Container Runtime Model in Prisma Cloud typically includes states such as Learning, Active, and Archived. The Learning state is where Prisma Cloud observes container behaviors to understand normal operations and establish a baseline. During this phase, the system is not actively enforcing security policies but is learning the typical behaviors and patterns of container activity. The Active state is where the system actively enforces security policies based on the learned behaviors and detected anomalies. Containers that exhibit suspicious or malicious activity that deviates from the baseline may trigger alerts or actions based on configured policies. The Archived state refers to containers that are no longer active but whose data and activity logs are retained for historical analysis or compliance purposes.

To retrieve compliance policies for images scanned in a continuous integration (CI) pipeline via Prisma Cloud's API, the correct endpoint to use is GET /api/v22.01/policies/compliance (A). This endpoint provides access to the comprehensive list of compliance policies defined within Prisma Cloud, including those applicable to images in the CI pipeline. It allows administrators to programmatically retrieve and review the policies to ensure that images meet the organization's compliance standards before they are deployed. The other options (B, C, D) specify endpoints that do not match the standard API endpoint format used by Prisma Cloud for accessing compliance policies, making them incorrect.

Web-Application and API Security (WAAS) is a feature within Prisma Cloud that focuses on protecting web applications and APIs from various threats and vulnerabilities. The primary protocols it provides protection for are HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and TLS (Transport Layer Security). HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web, and TLS is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network. While SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol for secure remote login and other secure network services, and Tomcat Web Connector via AJP (Apache JServ Protocol) is used for Tomcat server communication, they are not the primary focus of WAAS protection.

The given admission control policy is designed to evaluate pod creation requests in a Kubernetes environment, specifically targeting the creation of privileged pods, which can pose significant security risks.

• Option D: The policy will block the creation of a privileged pod is the correct answer when the effect of the policy is set to “block”. In this context, the policy's logic checks if a pod being created is set to run in privileged mode (a high-risk configuration that grants the pod extended system privileges). If such a configuration is detected, the policy triggers an action to block the pod's creation, thereby preventing the deployment of privileged pods that could undermine the security posture of the Kubernetes environment.

References:

• Kubernetes Admission Controllers Documentation: Provides a comprehensive overview of admission controllers in Kubernetes, including how they can be used to enforce policy decisions, such as preventing the creation of privileged pods.
• Best Practices for Kubernetes Security: Discusses the importance of admission control policies in maintaining the security and integrity of Kubernetes environments, with specific emphasis on the risks associated with privileged pods.

For scripting and programmatically querying user information and permissions within Prisma Cloud, the Prisma Cloud Compute API Reference is the most suitable resource. This API reference provides detailed information on the available endpoints, request formats, and response structures, specifically tailored for compute-related queries, including user and permission management within the Prisma Cloud Compute module. This resource is part of Prisma Cloud's comprehensive documentation that supports automation and integration with third-party systems, aligning with the platform's API-first approach to security management​​.

The audit trail section of an asset's detail view in Prisma Cloud typically includes a log of configuration changes and alert and vulnerability events associated with the asset. These elements are crucial for tracking the history of modifications to an asset's configuration and the security incidents that have affected it. This information is instrumental in understanding the security posture of the asset over time and in conducting thorough investigations after a security event has been detected.

Regarding the use of access keys, it is correct that up to two access keys can be active at any time for a single IAM user in AWS, and access keys are used for programmatic API calls to AWS services. This allows for rotation of keys without immediate invalidation of the old key and ensures secure access to AWS services via APIs.

The correct command to generate the YAML file for Defender install in a Kubernetes cluster, considering the console and websocket addresses, as well as the admin user, would typically involve specifying the addresses and user details. The option D seems most aligned with standard practices for such commands, where you export the Defender configuration for Kubernetes, specifying the console and websocket addresses along with the user details.

Prisma Cloud integrates with various external systems to enhance its security capabilities by importing vulnerabilities and providing additional context. Among the options provided:

• A. Splunk: Prisma Cloud can integrate with Splunk for enhanced threat detection and security analytics, making it a correct choice.
• B. Amazon GuardDuty: Prisma Cloud can utilize findings from Amazon GuardDuty to provide additional threat intelligence and context on vulnerabilities within AWS environments, making it a correct choice.
• E. ServiceNow: Prisma Cloud can integrate with ServiceNow for incident management and workflow automation, providing context and remediation capabilities for vulnerabilities, making it a correct choice. Options C (Qualys) and D (Amazon Inspector) are not explicitly mentioned in the provided documents as integrated external systems for importing vulnerabilities into Prisma Cloud.

In the Prisma Cloud Software Release 22.06, referred to as the Kepler release, the addition of Google Artifact Registry as a supported Registry type was a significant update. Google Artifact Registry is designed to store, manage, and secure your container images and language packages (such as Maven and npm). It provides a single place for teams to manage their artifacts and dependencies, improving consistency and security across software development and deployment processes. This update in Prisma Cloud reflects the platform's commitment to supporting the latest cloud-native technologies and services, enhancing its capabilities in securing modern cloud environments.

The correct construction for a container scan using the TwistCLI tool provided by Prisma Cloud (formerly Twistlock) is shown in option C. This command uses the TwistCLI tool to scan a container image, specifying the necessary authentication credentials (username and password with '-u' and '-p' flags), the address of the Prisma Cloud instance (with the '--address' flag), and the image to be scanned (in this case, 'myimage/latest'). The inclusion of the '--details' flag is a common practice to obtain detailed scan results, which is crucial for in-depth analysis and remediation efforts. This command structure aligns with the standard usage of TwistCLI for image scanning purposes, as documented in Prisma Cloud's official resources and guides.

In scenarios where a backup is created manually before upgrading a self-hosted console, it is crucial to restore the system using the backup that matches the version of the Prisma Cloud Self-Hosted Console from which it was taken. This ensures compatibility and integrity of the data and configurations. Using a backup with a different version of the console may lead to inconsistencies or loss of information due to potential changes in the software's data structures or features between versions. Therefore, to ensure a successful restoration, the backup must be applied to the same version of the Prisma Cloud Self-Hosted Console that it was created from.

A true statement about build and run policies is A. Build policies enable you to check for security misconfigurations in the IaC templates. This capability is crucial for identifying potential security issues early in the development process, allowing for proactive mitigation before deployment, thereby enhancing the overall security posture of the applications and infrastructure being developed.

The purpose of Incident Explorer in Prisma Cloud Compute under the "Monitor" section is to provide a comprehensive view of incidents by correlating individual events. This helps identify potential attacks through a sequence of processes, file system, and network events, thereby giving a complete picture of an incident's timeline and impact.

In Prisma Cloud, when anomalies are detected and the security team chooses to Relearn on a specific image, the existing behavioral model for that image is not deleted. Instead, the system retains the model and enters a new learning period, during which it observes the behavior of the container based on the image. If new behaviors are observed during this period, they are added to the existing model, thereby refining and updating the model to reflect the current operational profile of the container. This approach allows for dynamic adaptation to changes in container behavior while preserving the valuable insights and patterns already established in the model. The Relearn function is part of Prisma Cloud's adaptive capabilities, enabling it to maintain accurate and up-to-date behavioral models that reflect the evolving nature of containerized applications.

Port 8084 is commonly used for accessing the Console's API in Prisma Cloud. This port allows security teams to programmatically interact with the Prisma Cloud Console, pulling data and automating various security and compliance tasks.

Prisma Cloud, a comprehensive cloud security solution by Palo Alto Networks, is designed to provide extensive monitoring and auditing capabilities across cloud environments. To facilitate real-time alerting and integration with external monitoring and management systems, Prisma Cloud supports sending audit event records to various targets. SNMP Traps, Prometheus, and Syslog are among the supported targets. SNMP Traps allow for the integration with network management systems, enabling real-time alerts for network administrators. Prometheus, a popular open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, is widely used for its powerful querying language and visualization capabilities, making it an ideal target for Prisma Cloud's detailed security metrics. Syslog support ensures compatibility with a broad range of logging and security information and event management (SIEM) systems, allowing organizations to centralize and analyze security alerts within their existing infrastructure. These integrations are crucial for ensuring that security teams can respond promptly to potential threats and maintain compliance across their cloud environments.

When you have one or more tenant or scale Projects, upgrade all Supervisors before upgrading the Central Console. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/20-09/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/upgrade/upgrade_process