ISO-IEC-27001-Foundation ISO/IEC 27001 (2022) Foundation Exam Question and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract ISO/IEC 27000 standards:

According to ISO/IEC 27000:2018, Clause 3.35:

“Integrity is the property of accuracy and completeness.”

This is one of the three core principles of information security (CIA triad):

Confidentiality: ensuring information is not made available to unauthorized persons (related to option B).

Integrity: ensuring data is accurate, complete, and unaltered except by authorized means.

Availability: ensuring information is accessible and usable when required (related to option A).

Option D incorrectly mixes availability and confidentiality. The precise ISO definition isaccuracy and completeness, which matches option C.

Thus, the correct verified answer isC.

Clause 7.2 (Competence) requires the organization to:

“determine the necessary competence of person(s) doing work under its control that affects its information security performance;”

“ensure that these persons are competent on the basis of appropriate education, training, or experience;”

“retain appropriate documented information as evidence of competence.”

This makesholding up-to-date records on training, skills, experience, and qualifications(D) the correct answer. Option A is irrelevant to competence. Option B is incorrect since ISO does not require Foundation-level training — competence is context-based. Option C is related to compliance but does not ensure individual competence.

Thus, the verified correct answer isD.

Clause 6.1.2 (d) states that duringrisk analysis, the organization shall:

“assess the potential consequences that would result if the risks identified… were to materialize;”

“assess the realistic likelihood of the occurrence of the risks identified;”

“determine the levels of risk.”

This makes it clear that the requiredoutput of risk analysis is the determined levels of risk. Risk acceptance criteria (A) are set earlier in 6.1.2(a), treatment control options (C) belong to 6.1.3, and prioritization (D) is part of risk evaluation (6.1.2 e). Therefore, the verified correct output isB: Determined levels of risk.

ISO/IEC 27013 provides specific guidance on theintegration of ISO/IEC 27001 (Information Security Management) and ISO/IEC 20000-1 (IT Service Management). It offers practical advice for organizations seeking a unified management system approach. While ISO/IEC 27003 (A) provides guidance on ISMS implementation, it does not address integration. ISO 9001 (C) is the Quality Management Standard and can be integrated, but the specific standard designed forintegrating 27001 with ITSMis ISO/IEC 27013.

Therefore, the correct answer isB: ISO/IEC 27013, as it is explicitly published for this purpose.

ISO/IEC 27001 requires internal audits and sets out how they must be conducted: “The organization shall conduct internal audits at planned intervals…” (9.2.1) and “plan, establish, implement and maintain an audit programme(s)… [and] select auditors and conduct audits that ensure objectivity and the impartiality of the audit process” (9.2.2). These extracts confirm that practitioners (internal to the organization) can conduct internal audits provided objectivity and impartiality are ensured (e.g., they do not audit their own work). Surveillance audits (option A) and audits of Accredited Training Organizations or Certification Bodies (options C, D) are third-party activities outside the remit of an internal practitioner under ISO/IEC 27001; the standard’s audit requirement is focused on the organization’s own internal audit programme. Therefore, conducting an internal audit (B) is the correct practitioner activity per Clause 9.2.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract ISO/IEC 27002:2022 standards:

Annex A, control 6.8 (Information security event reporting) specifies:

“Information security events should be reported through appropriate management channels as quickly as possible. The organization should require all employees and contractors to note and report any observed or suspected information security events.”

This wording confirms that the required reporting covers“observed or suspected events.”Specific event types like information disclosure (A) or unauthorized access (B) are examples but not the broad requirement. Asset disposal (C) is addressed separately under equipment lifecycle controls (Annex A.7.14).

Therefore, the verified correct answer isD: Observed or suspected events.

The requirements for internal audit are explicitly placed inClause 9.2 (Performance Evaluation)of ISO/IEC 27001:2022. The standard requires:

“The organization shall conduct internal audits at planned intervals to provide information on whether the information security management system… conforms to the organization’s own requirements… and to the requirements of this document.” (9.2.1)

“The organization shall plan, establish, implement and maintain an audit programme(s)…” (9.2.2)

This clause clearly falls underPerformance Evaluation (Clause 9), not Planning (Clause 6), Operation (Clause 8), or Improvement (Clause 10). Therefore, the correct answer isC.

Clause 6.2 (Information security objectives) requires that objectives:

“be consistent with the information security policy”

“be measurable (if practicable)”

“take into account applicable information security requirements”

“be monitored, communicated, and updated as appropriate.”

From this, option A is correct since consistency with policy is an explicit requirement. Option B is incorrect because the standard allows objectives to be measurable “if practicable” (not mandatory for all). Option C is incorrect—objectives are not transferred contractually to third parties, though third-party agreements may include security requirements. Option D is incorrect because the standard requires regular review “as appropriate,” not a fixed annual cycle.

Thus, the verified requirement isA: They shall be consistent with the information security policy.

Clause 6.1.3 (d) requires that the organization“produce a Statement of Applicability that contains the necessary controls (see Annex A), and justification for inclusions, whether they are implemented or not, and the justification for exclusions.”

This is the defining requirement of the SoA: it documents which Annex A controls are relevant, which are implemented, and the justification for inclusion/exclusion. While the ISMS scope (A) is documented in Clause 4.3, and risk evaluation criteria (C) are defined in Clause 6.1.2, these do not belong in the SoA. The SoA does not describe the full risk assessment approach (B); that is part of the risk assessment methodology. Therefore, the mandatory requirement for the SoA isjustification for including (or excluding) each information security control.

Clause 5.2 (Information security policy) requires that the policy:

“includes information security objectives (or provides a framework for setting them)”

“includes a commitment to satisfy applicable requirements related to information security”

“includes a commitment to continual improvement of the ISMS.”

Among the listed options, the exact mandatory requirement is“a commitment to satisfy applicable requirements related to information security”. Option B partially reflects Clause 5.2 (commitment to continual improvement), but the wording given in the standard prioritizes the satisfaction of applicable requirements (e.g., legal, regulatory, contractual). Option C is not a policy requirement. Option D (Statement of Applicability) is a separate mandatory document (Clause 6.1.3) and not part of the policy itself.

Thus, the correct answer isA.

Clause 9.2.2 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 specifies requirements for the internal audit programme. It requires organizations to:

“Plan, establish, implement and maintain an audit programme(s) including the frequency, methods, responsibilities, planning requirements and reporting, which shall take into consideration the importance of the processes concerned, changes affecting the organization, and the results of previous audits.”

This makes optionCcorrect, since importance of the processes is a required factor. Option A is incorrect because audits do not need third-party auditors; objectivity can be maintained internally if independence is respected. Option B is wrong because previous audit results must be considered, not disregarded. Option D is also incorrect — the standard does not specify a 3-year cycle; frequency depends on risks and needs.

Thus, the correct verified answer isC.

Clause 5.1 (Leadership and Commitment) requires top management to demonstrate leadership by:

“ensuring the information security policy and the information security objectives are established and are compatible with the strategic direction of the organization;”

“ensuring the integration of the ISMS requirements into the organization’s processes;”

“ensuring that the resources needed for the ISMS are available;”

Among the options, the one explicitly mandated isensuring that information security objectives are established. Risk assessments (C) and implementing audit actions (D) are responsibilities of management but not the direct leadership evidence required in Clause 5.1. Communicating interested party feedback (A) is relevant but not specifically cited as leadership evidence. Thus, the verified answer isB.