CRT-450 Salesforce Certified Platform Developer 1 (SP25) Question and Answers

Unit Test Scenarios:

Option Bis valid becausegetContentAsPDF()can generate PDF content for testing purposes.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Unit tests cannot execute anonymous Apex as a different user.

C: Unit tests cannot perform callouts unless mock responses are provided.

D: TheSystem.createdDatefield cannot be set manually in unit tests.

Pagination using aStandardSetControllerhelps manage large datasets by loading only a subset of records at a time. This approach minimizes view state size, which is critical for handling large datasets like 10,000+ records.

B:@testSetupinserts data once and shares it across all test methods in the class, saving system resources.

D:@isTest(SeeAllData=true)is incompatible with@testSetupdue to their differing purposes for managing test data.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A (Correct):lightning-input-field is part ofLightning Data Service (LDS), and itautomatically enforces field-level security (FLS)and CRUD rules. This is thebest practicefor handling sensitive data in LWC forms and ensures compliance with user-level permissions.

Incorrect options:

B:force:inputField is used inAura, not in Lightning Web Components.

C/D:These are deprecated or older framework components that donotinherently enforce FLS.

Salesforce's multi-tenant architecture provides shared computing resources that are predefined and managed by Salesforce. This ensures scalability, security, and reliability while eliminating the need for customers to manage infrastructure.

Option A: The Lightning Component Framework uses client-side rendering for improved performance and responsiveness.

Option B: Lightning components automatically adhere to accessibility standards (e.g., ARIA).

Option D: The framework allows for seamless integration with external libraries via JavaScript.

Not Suitable:

Option C: Lightning components are compatible with modern browsers but not all browsers.

Lightning Component Benefits

Using a formula field is the most efficient solution to calculate the ratio between rejected and approved timesheets. It minimizes maintenance overhead by dynamically calculating the value based on the existing roll-up summary fields.

Example Formula:

Total_Rejected_Timesheets__c / Total_Approved_Timesheets__c

Why Lookup on Account to Global Address?

An Account can reference a single default Global Address via a lookup field, allowing multiple Accounts to share the same address.

This is more efficient than the reverse (lookup on Global Address to Account), as Global Address is the parent in this relationship.

Avoiding Master-Detail:

Lookup relationships provide flexibility in this use case since Accounts and Global Addresses have independent lifecycles.

Example:Create a custom lookup field on Account referencing the Global Address object.

Lightning Web Components (LWCs) have access to a variety of resources in Salesforce. Below are the supported resources:

Static Resources (A):You can use static resources to reference JavaScript libraries, images, and other files needed in an LWC.

Whyupsert?

Theupsertstatement inserts records that don’t exist and updates existing records based on the external ID (Order Number__cin this case).

Salesforce automatically recognizes and uses the external ID field for matching.

Why Not Other Options?

A and B:mergeis for merging records, not for upserting.

C: Adding the field name afterupsertis unnecessary, as Salesforce detects the external ID automatically.

This method allows the developer to retrieve all available record types and identify the default record type for the current user by checking theisDefaultRecordTypeMapping()attribute.

Example:

Schema.DescribeSObjectResult describeResult = Opportunity.sObjectType.getDescribe();

for (Schema.RecordTypeInfo recordType : describeResult.getRecordTypeInfos()) {

if (recordType.isDefaultRecordTypeMapping()) {

System.debug('Default Record Type: ' + recordType.getName());

}

}

Schema.RecordTypeInfo Methods

The@TestVisibleannotation allows private methods or variables to be accessed in test classes. This ensures that the private method can be adequately tested without changing its access modifier.

Why Prebuilt Components?

The Lightning Component Framework includes a library of prebuilt components, which developers can use to build applications faster.

Why Not Other Options?

A: The framework is exclusive to Lightning Experience, not Classic UI.

C: The framework does not provide templates but focuses on reusable components.

D: Extended governor limits are not provided by the framework.

When multiple triggers are associated with the same object and event, Salesforce does not guarantee the order of execution. This is why it is a best practice to consolidate all logic into a single trigger per object and control execution order using helper classes.

Flow Builder:

Flow Builder can evaluate record criteria using a Decision element and then send an outbound message using the "Action" element.

Allows automation without Apex.

Approval Process:

Approval Processes can evaluate criteria and trigger outbound messages as one of the associated actions.

Why Not Other Options?

C. Entitlement Process: Focuses on managing entitlements, not triggering outbound messages.

D. Next Best Action: Used for recommendations and guided actions, not for triggering outbound messages.

Why Use Static Resources andTest.loadData?

C: Static resources allow you to define reusable test data (e.g., in a CSV file).

D:Test.loadDatasimplifies loading bulk test data into test classes from static resources.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Using@isTest(seeAllData=true)violates test isolation principles and is discouraged.

B:@isTest(isParallel=true)is used for parallel execution, not for creating test data.

This is a classicbulkification problem, covered under"Apex Development Best Practices"in the PD1 guide.

To embed a Flow in an Aura component, thelightning:flowtag is used. It allows developers to interact with flows declaratively in Aura components.

ThedoWorkmethod inserts an account for every iteration of theforloop, which runs fromi = 0toi <= 200, inclusive.

This results in 201 iterations, and hence 201 accounts are inserted into the org.

Explanation of Code Behavior:

The loop conditioni <= 200runs 201 times (0 to 200).

Theinsert acct;statement is executed 201 times.

Apex Developer Guide - Loop Constructs

In Visualforce, to specify a standard controller for a custom object, the syntax iscontroller="ObjectName__c".

To add custom functionality, you can use anextensionsattribute to include a controller extension.

Why not other options?

A: The correct syntax iscontroller, notstandardController, for custom objects.

BandC: These are syntactically incorrect.

Visualforce Pages Documentation

For declarative development:

A. Record-Triggered Flow:Allows building complex logic declaratively without code.

D. Validation Rules:Enforce data quality by validating record fields before saving.

Many-to-Many Relationship:

To track which companies (Accounts) report which bugs and allow multiple associations for both, ajunction objectis needed.

This junction object will have two master-detail relationships: one toBug__cand one toAccount.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Roll-up summary field: Not suitable for many-to-many relationships.

B. Master-detail field on Bug__c to Account: Creates a one-to-many relationship, not many-to-many.

C. Lookup field on Bug__c to Account: Still creates a one-to-many relationship, not many-to-many.

Option A: Using variable binding eliminates the need for concatenating dynamic values in the query, which is the safest approach.

Option B: UsingString.escapeSingleQuotesensures special characters are handled safely, reducing the risk of SOQL injection.

Not Suitable:

Option C: Whilewith sharingensures sharing rules are applied, it does not prevent SOQL injection.

Option D: Regular expressions are not a reliable method for sanitizing input.

Preventing SOQL Injection

MVC: The Model-View-Controller design pattern is ideal for Salesforce development as it separates the business logic (model), user interface (view), and controller logic, ensuring scalability and maintainability.

Salesforce’s architecture inherently supports MVC, with sObjects as the model, Visualforce or Lightning components as the view, and Apex controllers as the controller.

Why not other options?

A: The Waterfall model is a development methodology, not a design framework.

B: Flux is a front-end application architecture and not relevant to Salesforce.

D: Agile is a development methodology, not a design framework.

Salesforce MVC Architecture

The quickest way to make Visualforce pages styled like Lightning Experience is by incorporating SLDS. This provides consistent styling without rewriting the applications.

Why not other options?

A: Rewriting all Visualforce pages as Lightning components is time-consuming and not efficient.

B: There is no attributeenableLightningin Visualforce.

C: Enabling Lightning Experience compatibility does not apply styling automatically.

Salesforce Lightning Design System (SLDS)

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

B (Correct):Apex methods exposed toFlowmust be:

Static

Annotated with @InvocableMethod

Accept aListof parameters (for bulkification)

Return aList of custom class objects

This method signature supports Flow Builder’s bulk processing model, which is required in enterprise scenarios where the Flow might process multiple records.

Maximum Trigger Depth Exceeded:

This error occurs when a trigger causes recursive calls, leading to an infinite loop of execution.

Solution:

Use static variables in helper classes to prevent recursive trigger execution.

Example:

public class TriggerHelper {

public static Boolean isTriggerExecuted = false;

}

trigger AccountTrigger on Account (after update) {

if (!TriggerHelper.isTriggerExecuted) {

TriggerHelper.isTriggerExecuted = true;

// Trigger logic here

}

}

Why Not Other Options?

A: Permissions do not affect trigger recursion.

B: Length of the trigger is unrelated to recursion.

C: Code coverage does not influence runtime errors like recursion.

Why Salesforce CLI?

The Salesforce CLI supports scripting for Continuous Integration (CI) pipelines, allowing automatic testing and deployment as part of the CI process.

Why Not Other Options?

B: Visual Studio Code is a development IDE, not a CI tool.

C: Force.com Toolkit is outdated and does not support CI processes.

D: Developer Console is for debugging and manual testing, not automation.

The Apex Interactive Debugger allows developers to step through code execution in real time, which is the most effective way to identify the root cause of the duplication issue.

Option A: Only one method annotated with@InvocableMethodcan exist per class.

Option C: The method must bestatic.

Option E: The method can be declared asPublicorGlobalfor broader accessibility.

Invocable Methods Documentation

Salesforce CLI allows developers to automate deployments and run unit tests as part of a continuous integration (CI) pipeline. It is the most efficient tool for scripting these processes.

Roll-Up Summary Field:

Since the relationship between Order and Order Line Item is aMaster-Detail, a Roll-Up Summary field can be used on the Order object.

The MAX function in a Roll-Up Summary field calculates the latest date (the maximum value) among all the availability dates on the Order Line Items.

Why MAX Roll-Up Summary Field Works:

The latest availability date among the Order Line Items will determine when the entire Order can be shipped.

Why Not Other Options?

AandB: There is no such formula called "LATEST" or "CEILING" applicable to date fields.

C: A COUNT Roll-Up Summary is irrelevant for calculating dates.

Why Re-Parentable Master-Detail Field?

A master-detail relationship allows Line Items to roll up totals (e.g., calculate total amount) to the Order.

Setting the relationship asre-parentablesupports moving Line Items between different Orders.

Why Not Other Options?

B. Lookup field: Does not support roll-up summary fields for calculations.

C and D: Relationships in the opposite direction (Order to Line Item) do not support the required logic.

A. Unify all three triggers in a single trigger on the Expense__c object that includes all events:

Salesforce best practices recommend having only one trigger per object to avoid redundancy and conflicts.

By combining all the events (before delete, before insert, and before update) into a single trigger, the developer can manage the logic in an organized and maintainable manner.

This also simplifies debugging and ensures that the trigger logic executes in a predictable order.

C. Create helper classes to execute the appropriate logic when a record is saved:

Using helper classes allows for a clean separation of concerns. The trigger becomes a dispatcher that delegates logic to dedicated classes.

For example, you can create methods like applyDefaultsToExpense(), validateExpenseUpdate(), and deleteExpense() in a helper class and invoke them from the trigger.

This improves reusability, readability, and testability of the code.

Why not the other options?

B. Unify the before insert and before update triggers and use Flow for the delete action:

While Flow is a powerful tool, it is not ideal for deleting records or replacing Apex trigger functionality, especially when triggers already exist for other events.

D. Maintain all three triggers on the Expense__c object but move the Apex logic out of the trigger definition:

Maintaining multiple triggers on the same object can lead to conflicts and execution order issues, even if the logic is moved to helper classes.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A validation rule can be configured to prevent updates to Opportunity records in the Closed/Won stage by evaluating the Stage field and returning an error message when edits are attempted.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In Lightning Web Components, to cache the results of Apex methods on the client side, the Apex method should be annotated with @AuraEnabled(cacheable=true). This enables the Lightning Data Service to cache the method's response, improving performance by reducing server calls.

Why a Trigger on the Child Object?

Since the relationship is not master-detail, a trigger on the child object can perform aggregate calculations and update the parent Opportunity.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Tree sorting is unnecessary and unrelated to roll-up summaries.

B and D: Neither Streaming API nor Metadata API is suitable for real-time roll-up calculations.

Why a try/catch block is required:

In Salesforce, DML operations such as insert, update, delete, and upsert can throw exceptions due to issues like validation rule violations, field constraints, or sharing rule restrictions.

Using a try/catch block ensures that these exceptions are caught and handled gracefully, preventing the entire transaction from failing.

How to modify the code:

The update statement in the code can be wrapped in a try/catch block to catch and handle any exceptions that occur. For example:

apex

Copy code

public static void insertAccounts(List theseAccounts) {

try {

for (Account thisAccount : theseAccounts) {

if (thisAccount.website == null) {

thisAccount.website = 'https://www.demo.com ';

}

}

update theseAccounts;

} catch (DmlException e) {

System.debug('DML Exception: ' + e.getMessage());

}

}

Why not the other options?

A. Implement the upsert DML statement:

upsert is used to either insert or update records based on an external ID or primary key. It does not inherently handle exceptions.

B. Implement Change Data Capture:

Change Data Capture (CDC) is used for tracking changes to data in real time and is unrelated to handling DML exceptions.

D. Remove null items from the list of Accounts:

While cleaning the input data is a good practice, it does not address the need for exception handling during DML operations.

A Global Picklist Value Set allows the same set of picklist values to be shared across multiple objects, making maintenance easier and ensuring consistency.

Why not other options?

B: Alphabetical ordering does not ensure consistent value maintenance across objects.

C: Validation rules do not streamline picklist value maintenance.

D: Restricting picklist values helps ensure data integrity but does not streamline maintenance across objects.

Global Picklists Documentation

When working with a Lightning Web Component (LWC), the correct syntax for importing an Apex method is:import methodName from "@salesforce/apex/ControllerName.methodName";.

Why not other options?

A,B, andC: These use incorrect syntax for importing Apex methods in LWCs.

Lightning Web Components Documentation

Option B: UsingSchema.sObjectType.Account.isDeletable()checks if the current user has permission to delete records of theAccountobject. This approach adheres to Salesforce's security model.

Not Suitable:

Option A:accountRec.isDeletable()is not a valid method.

Option C: Incorrect syntax for checking permissions.

Option D:Account.isDeletabledoes not exist.

Schema Methods for Object Permissions

Using aforloop allows iterating through the list, and aniforif-elsecondition inside can evaluate theLastModifiedDatefor each account to determine its status.

Apex Control Statements

Change sets can only be used between related organizations:

Change sets require a relationship between the source and target Salesforce orgs, such as a production org and its sandboxes. You cannot use change sets between unrelated Salesforce orgs.

To create and manage scratch orgs in Salesforce DX, the Dev Hub must be enabled in your Salesforce production or Developer Edition org. Dev Hub acts as the central hub for managing scratch orgs.

A: Formula fields are calculated at runtime based on the formula definition and are not stored in the database.

C: Formula fields can reference fields from related objects, allowing cross-object calculations.

Why not other options?

B: Formulas cannot reference themselves; doing so would result in a circular reference error.

D: If a field used in a formula field is deleted, the formula field will break, and Salesforce will prevent deletion until the formula field is updated.

Formula Fields Documentation

An Apex REST class can be used to retrieve real-time data from an external order management system. The flow can then call the REST class to display the retrieved data on the screen dynamically.

Scratch orgs are temporary, source-driven Salesforce environments used for development and testing. They allow developers to:

Work on independent features without interfering with each other's configurations.

Utilize a source-driven development model for CI/CD pipelines.

Scratch Orgs Overview

The variableisOKis declared but not initialized, so its value isnull. Theif-elseconditions check for specific values ofisOK(trueorfalse), but since it isnull, none of those conditions are satisfied. The program defaults to theelseblock, assigning4tox.

A: Thesave()method in the custom controller must be tested to ensure it works as intended and redirects to the correct page.

B: Setting parameters viaApexPages.currentPage().getParameters()is crucial to test scenarios where user input or URL parameters drive logic.

D: UsingTest.setCurrentPage(pageRef)is essential for simulating page context in unit tests.

Why not other options?

C: This statement does not belong to testing a custom controller.

B (second occurrence): It appears to be incorrectly formatted in the question.

Testing Apex Controllers

Option B: Reusing event logic in the helper ensures cleaner and reusable code.

Option D: Handling low-level events in handlers and re-firing them as higher-level events allows for better abstraction and modularity.

Aura Event Handling Documentation

Upload the SVG file as astatic resourcein Salesforce.

Import it in the LWC JavaScript file and define it as a property.

Reference the property in the component’s HTML template.

Example:

importmySvgfrom'@salesforce/resourceUrl/mySvg';

exportdefaultclassMyComponentextendsLightningElement{

svgUrl = mySvg;

}

Lightning Web Components Static Resources

Why Controller?

A customcontrollerallows:

Complex validation involving multiple objects.

Redirection to another Visualforce page upon success.

Controllers can implement custom save logic and redirect usingPageReference.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Apex: Apex is the underlying programming language, but a controller specifically handles the Visualforce logic.

B. Trigger: Triggers execute on DML events, not on button clicks in Visualforce.

D. Extension: Extensions enhance standard controllers but are not necessary here since a custom controller is being built.

A Flow with an Assignment element is the best declarative solution to assign cases based on criteria such as Case Origin. It can automatically evaluate the value of the Case Origin and assign the support representative.

Why not other options?

A: Using a trigger is a programmatic approach and less ideal when declarative tools can solve the problem.

B: A formula field cannot assign values; it only calculates and displays results.

C: Validation rules are used to enforce constraints, not for assigning values.

Salesforce Flows Overview

In Visualforce, data-binding requires getter and setter methods to access the attributes of a controller. Adding a getter method foractTypeensures that its value is retrieved properly.

When writing test classes, accessing the Standard Price Book is essential for creatingOpportunityLineItemrecords.

The methodTest.getStandardPricebookId()is specifically designed to retrieve the Standard Price Book ID in a test class context. This ensures you can work with the price book without requiring@isTest(SeeAllData=true).

Why not other options?

B:@isTest(SeeAllData=true)is not recommended because it violates Salesforce best practices by accessing actual org data.

C:@TestVisibleis used for visibility between classes but does not relate to retrieving Standard Price Book.

D:Test.loadData()loads test data from static resources but is unnecessary for accessing the Standard Price Book.

Salesforce Testing Framework

Apex Testing Best Practices

isOK is declared but not initialized, so its default value is null.

In the condition checks:

The first if evaluates as false because isOK == false is false.

The second else if evaluates as false because isOK == true is false.

The third else if evaluates as true because isOK == null is true and theString == 'Hello' is also true.

So, the value assigned to x is 3.

Lightning Web Components (LWC):

Fully responsive and designed to handle touch events.

Executes on stateful clients with high performance.

Aura Components:

Supports responsive designs and touch events but is slightly less efficient than LWC.

Why Not Other Options?

B. Visualforce Components: Not designed for responsiveness or touch event handling.

C. Visualforce Pages: Primarily server-rendered and not stateful for touch interactions.

WhyWITH SECURITY_ENFORCED?

Ensures field-level security and sharing rules are enforced in SOQL queries.

Prevents unauthorized records or fields from being accessed or displayed.

Why Not Other Options?

B and C:with sharingandinherited sharingenforce record-level access but do not handle field-level security.

D:without sharingignores sharing rules, which would display all records regardless of user permissions.