C_ABAPD_2507 SAP Certified Associate - Back-End Developer - ABAP Cloud Question and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In the RAP model, a Business Object (BO) is composed of the following key parts:

A CDS view, which defines the data model layer (entity structure, projections, associations).

A Behavior Definition (BDEF), which defines the behavior layer – what operations can be performed (create, update, delete, validations, determinations).

Therefore:

Option B and C are correct.

Option A is incorrect because "Process definition" is not a RAP construct; process logic is handled via behavior implementation and determinations.

Option D is incorrect because "Authentication rules" are managed externally (e.g., via IAM, authorizations), not inside the BO.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Behavior Definition (BDEF) is where read-only, mandatory, and transactional rules are enforced across all RAP applications.

Projection view → restricts fields per app, not globally.

Metadata extension → UI annotations only.

Service definition → defines exposure, not behavior.

Therefore, setting field read-only in the behavior definition enforces it globally across all RAP BO usages.

Study Guide Reference: RAP Development Guide – Behavior Definitions and Field Control.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Interactive runs from the tested object or its test class in ADT: In RAP/ABAP Cloud test guides, you specify a test relation, which then lets you run unit tests directly from the context menu of the behavior definition (tested object) in ADT. This is the “Run as unit test” interaction from the tested object.

Interactive runs from the test class itself: Test classes are declared with FOR TESTING, and the same RAP guides show the canonical test-class structure used for ABAP Unit. In ADT, you can execute the test class via its context menu (“Run as Unit Test”).

Mass execution with ATC: The same document set prescribes governance via ABAP Test Cockpit (ATC) check variants applied across many objects, supporting mass test/check execution. ATC is used broadly to enforce ABAP Cloud rules and quality gates across developments, which covers running checks/tests at scale (mass).

There is no built-in mechanism to execute unit tests during transport release; the recommended mass execution path is via ATC, not via the Transport Organizer. (Hence B and E are not correct.)

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Multi-column internal tables are defined using a structured row type, meaning each row is defined by a structure (either defined inline or as a global structure type in the Dictionary).

Option B is correct because it describes how internal tables with multiple fields are built using structured rows.

Option A is incorrect because the row type must be complete and consistent.

Option C is incorrect because nested components are not a requirement.

Option D is misleading. Though “complete data type” may sound correct, it lacks specificity. The correct technical description is that the row type is a structure.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

RAP and ABAP Cloud emphasize expression-based coding, and REDUCE is a key reduction expression. The code above defines an accumulator (h_structure_variable) and iterates over an internal table (source_itab) with FOR … IN …, so a loop over the source table is created (D). In each iteration, fields are accumulated and, when the expression finishes, the final accumulator value is returned and assigned to structure_variable. With compatible structured types, components are copied name-by-name (C).

In ABAP Cloud, the language is explicitly described as “aligned and extended to support RAP … The application developer uses typed APIs … and benefits from static code checks.” This underpins the use of typed, expression-based constructs like REDUCE for safe, declarative logic.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

UI layout is defined with @UI annotations; it is recommended to maintain the UI annotations in metadata extensions to separate concerns and keep CDS clean.

Metadata extensions provide CDS annotations (such as @UI) outside the data definition and allow layered, switchable UI metadata.

In the RAP tutorial, the “Adding UI Metadata to the Data Model” section explicitly instructs creating metadata extensions for projection views to control the presentation (line items, identification, hidden fields, search, text arrangement). Therefore, the RAP artifact used to organize how fields are displayed in the app is the Metadata Extension.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Pragmas (##) are evaluated by the syntax check and runtime check tools (e.g., ATC, Code Inspector). ##NEEDED is recognized and processed (C).

Pseudo-comments (#EC) are not checked; they are legacy directives to suppress specific findings, hence (D) is correct.

Therefore, A and B are invalid.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP Cloud Guidelines – Pseudo-comments vs Pragmas.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

With @Environment.systemField: #SYSTEM_LANGUAGE, the system field sy-langu is automatically supplied as a default value for the parameter.

This works both in ABAP and in view-on-view scenarios (A).

Developers can still override this value when calling the view explicitly (B).

Options C and D are incorrect: system fields are not limited to ABAP only, and overriding is allowed.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Guide – System Fields in View Parameters.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Sorted tables:

Full key lookup uses a binary search → efficient (A).

Left-aligned partial key lookup also benefits from sort order to find ranges efficiently (C).

Hashed tables:

Require the complete key for O(1) access; partial key is not supported. Hence (E) is correct and (D) is not.

Standard tables:

Have no inherent ordering/index for key-based access; specifying a key (even partially) results in linear search unless you maintain sort and specify BINARY SEARCH explicitly, which still doesn’t change the fundamental case in this question; thus (B) is not considered a faster pattern here.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP Cloud Programming—Internal Tables (standard/sorted/hashed) performance characteristics.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In ABAP, structure component access uses the hyphen (-): structure-component. The other tokens are used for different purposes: -> for object reference attributes, => for static components, and / is not a field selector in ABAP.

ABAP Cloud stresses typed APIs and static checks, ensuring misuse of component selectors is caught early; correct structure access with - is part of the enforced style.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In RAP/ABAP Cloud, authorization objects define authorizations for roles and are invoked from CDS (read) and behavior (modify). This ties app operations to authorization objects and roles administered in IAM.

RAP services are exposed for Fiori apps via service bindings; the resulting Fiori app uses the service and its enforcement (which includes the authorization objects configured for roles). Putting it together for S/4HANA Cloud IAM: Apps carry/trigger checks based on authorization objects; Business Catalogs collect apps; Business Roles collect catalogs; Business Users are assigned roles. This aligns with the ABAP Cloud guidance that authorizations are grouped into roles and checked against authorization objects during access.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

OData services are the standard way to expose RAP services; service bindings bind a service definition to a protocol such as OData.

Business events are a released RAP capability for integration; RAP BOs can define, raise, and consume business events, with remote consumption via SAP Event Mesh and event bindings.

CDS views define the semantic data models used for exposure and consumption; ADT defines CDS entities for the data model that can be used in applications. Together, CDS (data modeling) + OData (service exposure) + Events (event-driven integration) constitute the released, recommended integration building blocks in ABAP Cloud/RAP. (BAdIs are classic enhancement spots and not positioned as the primary integration frameworks for ABAP Cloud developer extensibility; SOAP is not the recommended channel in the RAP guidance above.)

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The requirement is:

Retrieve all carriers from T_CARRIER

Include them even if no corresponding connections exist in T_CONNECTIONS.

Evaluation of each join type:

A. INNER JOIN:Only returns rows where a carrier has at least one matching connection.❌ Incorrect, since carriers without connections would be excluded.

B. LEFT OUTER JOIN (correct):Returns all rows from the left table (T_CARRIER), and connections if they exist.Missing connections are represented with NULL.✔ Correct answer.

C. LEFT INNER JOIN:This is syntactically invalid in ABAP SQL. INNER JOIN and LEFT OUTER JOIN are separate join types, not combined.❌ Incorrect.

D. RIGHT OUTER JOIN (correct):Equivalent to LEFT OUTER JOIN when the tables are reversed.Returns all rows from T_CARRIER, whether or not connections exist.✔ Correct answer.

Thus, LEFT OUTER JOIN and RIGHT OUTER JOIN are the valid solutions to retrieve all carriers regardless of connections.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Use ABAP Development Tools (ADT) in Eclipse: For ABAP Cloud development, ADT must be used, and modern object types such as CDS View Entities and Behavior Definitions can only be edited in ADT. This confirms option B.

Use SAP-released/predefined extension points: RAP extensibility is opt-in; every possible extension point must be defined explicitly in the original BO artifacts. Extensions are performed only at these predefined points to ensure lifecycle stability—this is exactly the “use SAP-released extension points” rule. This confirms option A.

In contrast, directly modifying SAP objects is not part of the clean-core, upgrade-stable model for public cloud; extensions must adhere to released APIs and predefined points (therefore C is not correct). The classic Web Dynpro UI technology is not the target for ABAP Cloud development in S/4HANA Cloud public edition (therefore D is not correct). (Context anchored by the extensibility/clean-core guidance above.)

Study-Guide anchors: ABAP Cloud development with ADT only; RAP opt-in extensibility and predefined extension points for cloud-ready, upgrade-safe extensions.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

To redefine a component in a subclass:

The component (method) in the superclass must be defined with the FOR REDEFINITION addition.

In the subclass, you use the REDEFINITION clause in the method declaration and implement the method in the subclass to override the superclass behavior.

Thus:

Option A is correct because the method declaration in sub1 must include the REDEFINITION addition.

Option D is correct because the actual redefined method implementation must be provided in the subclass sub1.

Option B is incorrect because the component is not re-implemented in the superclass.

Option C is incorrect because REDEFINITION is not added in the superclass, but FOR REDEFINITION is.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Here, c_char is defined as a character type with a space ' ' as its value.

When attempting 2 / c_char, ABAP tries to interpret the character ' ' as a number. Since it is not a numeric value, ABAP raises the conversion error cx_sy_conversion_no_number.

cx_sy_zerodivide would occur only if the denominator was zero numeric.

cx_sy_itab_line_not_found applies to internal table access errors, not relevant here.

This is consistent with ABAP Cloud runtime exception handling, where strict typing and error categories are clearly defined.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Keyword Documentation – Exception Classes in Arithmetic Operations.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Extensions in SAP S/4HANA Cloud must follow the ABAP Cloud Extensibility Model.

Use released APIs (D) → Only released and whitelisted APIs are permitted.

Use predefined extension points (B) → Extensions can only be made where SAP has defined extension includes or APIs.

Build at UX layer (A) and Use CI/CD pipelines (C) are good practices but not mandatory extension rules.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP Extension Guide – Extensibility Rules for Public Cloud.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In a CDS view entity defined AS SELECT FROM, the association ON condition must use the source aliases defined in the FROM clause.

$projection is used in projection views (AS PROJECTION ON …), not in a basic select view entity. Therefore, options using $projection (B, C) are invalid here.

Using global names (Z_SOURCE1, Z_SOURCE2) in the ON (A) ignores the declared aliases and is not the recommended/valid form within the view definition.

The correct ON clause uses the aliases _Source1 and Source2 with the matching key fields:ON _Source1.carrier_id = Source2.carrier_id (D).

This aligns with CDS modeling rules in RAP: use aliases consistently and model associations with precise ON conditions based on keys.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Development—Associations & ON conditions; RAP Data Modeling.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

A. Automatic execution → ✅ A constructor (CONSTRUCTOR) is automatically invoked when an instance of a class is created.

B. Importing parameters → ✅ Constructors can have importing parameters to initialize the object with values.

C. First method called by client → ❌ Not correct, because constructors are called by the system, not the client explicitly.

D. Returning parameters → ❌ Constructors cannot return values; they only set up the object.

This behavior is consistent across ABAP Cloud OOP classes, ensuring encapsulated initialization logic.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Objects Guide – Class Constructors and Instance Constructors.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

An interface reference (go_if1) can point to any object of a class that implements that interface. Therefore, creating an instance with NEW cl1( … ) and directly assigning it to the interface-typed variable is valid (A).

Type inference with NEW #( … ) cannot infer a class from an interface-typed target (no unique implementing class), so (B) is invalid.

An interface reference exposes only the interface’s methods; it cannot call class-specific methods (so (C) is invalid).

Calling interface method m1 via the interface reference is valid (D).

From the class reference, the interface method can be called (implicitly or explicitly qualified) as go_cl1->if1~m1( … ) (E).

This reflects ABAP OO rules in ABAP Cloud (method visibility via static type, interface implementation, and explicit interface method calls).

Study Guide Reference: ABAP Objects—Interfaces & Class Constructors; ABAP Cloud Back-End Developer—OO fundamentals.

class_setup( )

setup( )

teardown( )

class_teardown( )

ABAP Unit Test framework defines a fixed sequence for test fixture methods to ensure reliable test execution and cleanup:

class_setup( ):Called once before any tests in the test class are run. Used to prepare global test data or setup that applies to all tests.

setup( ):Called before each individual test method to prepare local test data or preconditions.

teardown( ):Called after each individual test method to clean up what was done in setup( ).

class_teardown( ):Called once after all tests have been executed to clean up class-level resources.

This sequence supports isolation and repeatability of test executions, ensuring that one test's result does not influence another’s.