5V0-22.23 VMware vSAN Specialist (v2) Question and Answers

The reason why there are objects in the pending category of the scheduled resyncing in the cluster monitor is that the delay timer has not expired. The delay timer is a configurable setting that determines how long vSAN waits before repairing a non-compliant object after placing a host in a failed state or maintenance mode. The default value is 60 minutes, but it can be changed in the vSAN Services configuration. The pending category displays the objects with the expired delay timer that cannot be resynchronized due to insufficient resources in the current cluster or the vSAN FTT policy set on the cluster not being met. The other options are not correct. These objects do not belong to virtual machines that are powered off, as vSAN resynchronizes all objects regardless of their power state. Object resynchronization does not need to be started manually, as vSAN initiates it automatically when the delay timer expires. There are not too many objects to be synchronized, as vSAN can handle multiple resynchronization tasks in parallel. References: Monitor the Resynchronization Tasks in the vSAN Cluster; About vSAN Cluster Resynchronization

The most likely cause for some components to be not in a fully healthy state is that one host is in maintenance mode with the ensure accessibility option. This option creates temporary durability components on other hosts to maintain the required number of failures to tolerate (FTT) until the original components are restored or rebuilt. These durability components are not considered fully healthy because they do not have full redundancy and might not be compliant with the storage policy. The other options do not explain why some components are not fully healthy, as they do not affect the FTT or the compliance state of the objects. References: Durability Components; esxcli vsan debug object overview

vSphere High Availability is the correct answer because it meets the requirements of making the virtual machine available quickly after a failure occurs and minimizing administrative effort. vSphere HA monitors the health and availability of the hosts and virtual machines in a cluster and automatically restarts any failed virtual machines on other hosts within minutes. vSphere HA also supports proactive HA, which can migrate virtual machines from hosts that are about to fail or have degraded performance. vSphere HA is easy to configure and manage, as it only requires enabling HA on the cluster level and setting some basic policies and options. Distributed Services Engine,Fault Tolerance, and vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler are not valid or optimal solutions for this scenario. Distributed Services Engine is a new feature in vSphere 7 that provides network services such as firewalling, load balancing, routing, and NAT for virtual machines and containers. It does not directly affect the availability or recovery of virtual machines after a failure. Fault Tolerance provides continuous availability for virtual machines by creating a secondary copy of the virtual machine that runs in lockstep with the primary copy on another host. If the primary copy fails, the secondary copy takes over without any interruption or data loss. However, Fault Tolerance has some limitations and overheads, such as requiring dedicated network bandwidth, supporting only one vCPU per virtual machine, and consuming twice as much CPU and memory resources as a single virtual machine. Fault Tolerance also requires more administrative effort than vSphere HA, as it needs to be enabled and configured for each individual virtual machine. vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler is a feature that balances the workload and resources across a cluster by automatically migrating virtual machines based on their demand and priority. It does not directly affect the availability or recovery of virtual machines after a failure, although it can work together with vSphere HA to find optimal hosts for restarting failed virtual machines. References:

• [VMware vSAN Specialist v2 Exam Preparation Guide], page 11
• vSphere Availability
• Distributed Services Engine
• vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler

The purpose of the TRIM/UNMAP process is to reclaim disk space that is no longer used by the guest operating system or the virtual machine. TRIM and UNMAP are commands that allow the guest operating system to inform the underlying storage layer that certain blocks are no longer in use and can be freed up. This process helps to improve storage efficiency and utilization,especially for thin-provisioned disks that grow dynamically as data is written to them. The other options are not correct. The TRIM/UNMAP process does not collect vSAN log files, repair internal cache errors, or delete orphaned snapshots. These are different tasks that are performed by other tools or processes. References: Enabling TRIM/UNMAP Commands for VMware Cloud on AWS Clusters; Reclaiming guest OS storage in VMware vSAN 6.7 U1 with TRIM/UNMAP process

To allocate additional storage from another vSAN enabled vSphere cluster to this vSAN enabled Cluster, the administrator should use the vSAN HCI Mesh feature. This feature allows a vSAN cluster to consume storage resources from another vSAN cluster without requiring the hosts to be part of the same cluster. This way, the administrator can leverage the unused or underutilized storage capacity from another cluster and avoid purchasing new hardware or migrating VMs. The vSAN HCI Mesh feature also supports storage policies, encryption, deduplication and compression, and erasure coding across clusters12 References: 1: VMware vSAN Specialist v2 Exam Preparation Guide, page 15 2: VMware vSAN 7 Update 1 - HCI Mesh 3

To expand disk group #2 to have three capacity devices, the vSAN administrator should add the new capacity device to the disk group and vSAN will automatically rebalance. This action allows the administrator to increase the storage capacity of the disk group without disrupting any ongoing operations or evacuating any data. vSAN will automatically distribute data across all devices in the disk group to balance performance and utilization. The other options are not correct. Creating a new disk group with a single capacity device and then migrating the existing capacity devices is not necessary, as it would require more steps and resources than adding a device to an existing disk group. Putting the entire ESXi host or the disk group in maintenance mode and evacuating all data is not required, as it would cause downtime and data movement that could be avoided by adding a device to an existing disk group. References: Add Devices to the Disk Group; Expanding a vSAN Cluster

Utilizing Network I/O Control and isolating vSAN traffic in a VLAN are the two actions that should be taken to configure the new vSAN cluster to meet the requirements. Network I/O Control allows the vSAN administrator to create network resource poolsand assign bandwidth shares or reservations to different traffic types, such as vSAN, vMotion, or management. This ensures that vSAN traffic has guaranteed bandwidth during contention and can achieve better performance and availability. Isolating vSAN traffic in a VLAN enhances the security of the cluster by preventing unauthorized access or interference from other network segments. It also simplifies the network configuration and management by reducing the broadcast domain and avoiding IP address conflicts. Creating static routes between the vSAN hosts, using IOPS Limit rules in storage policies, and enabling jumbo frames are not necessary or recommended actions for this scenario. Static routes are not required for vSAN communication, as vSAN uses multicast or unicast depending on the version and configuration. IOPS Limit rules are used to limit the IOPS allocated to an object, which can degrade the performance and latency of the application. Jumbo frames can improve the network efficiency and throughput, but they are not mandatory for vSAN and require consistent configuration across all network devices. References:

• Network I/O Control
• vSAN Network Design Guide

An all-flash vSAN ESA cluster with four nodes can satisfy the storage policies that require FTT=2 (RAID-1 Mirroring) or FTT=2 (RAID-6 Erasure Coding). These policies mean that the cluster can tolerate two host failures while maintaining data availability and redundancy. RAID-1 Mirroring creates three replicas of each object across different hosts, while RAID-6 Erasure Coding splits each object into four data segments and two parity segments across different hosts. Both policies require at least four hosts in the cluster to meet the FTT=2 requirement. The other options are not correct. An all-flash vSAN ESA cluster with four nodes cannot satisfy the storage policies that require FTT=3 (RAID-1 Mirroring) or FTT=1 (RAID-5 Erasure Coding). These policies mean that the cluster can tolerate three or one host failure respectively, but they require more or less hosts than four to do so. RAID-1 Mirroring with FTT=3 requires at least six hosts in the cluster to create four replicas of each object, while RAID-5 Erasure Coding with FTT=1 requires at least three hosts in the cluster to split each object into two data segments and one parity segment. References: vSAN Express Storage Architecture; RAID Configurations, FTT, and Host Requirements

The reason why the vSAN administrator cannot find any vSAN performance statistics on the cluster summary page is that the vSAN performance service is not enabled. The vSAN performance service is a feature that collects and analyzes performance metrics and displays them in graphical charts in vCenter. The vSAN performance service must be turned on manually for each vSAN cluster, as it is not enabled by default. The other options are not correct. The integration of vRealize Operations Manager with the vSAN cluster is not required to view vSAN performance statistics, as they are available in vCenter. The administrator’s permissions on the cluster level do not affect the visibility of vSAN performance statistics, as they are accessible to any user who can view the cluster. vSAN performance statistics are not only available via CLI, as they can also be viewed in vCenter using the vSAN performance service. References: About the vSAN Performance Service; Enable or Disable the Performance Service

To ensure the latest network driver is installed on the NIC before remediation, the vSAN administrator should add an individual component to the vLCM image that has the updated NIC driver. This action allows the administrator to override the driver provided by the vendor add-on and use a newer version that is compatible with the ESXi version and the hardware device. The administrator can add an individual component to the vLCM image by importing it from a ZIP file or selecting it from the vLCM depot. The other options are not correct. Making sure the vLCM image is configured to use the most recent version of the vendor add-on will not help, as the required NIC driver is a newer version than the one provided by the vendor add-on. Removing the vendor add-on from the vLCM image or modifying the vLCM image to omit the NIC driver will not ensure the latest network driver is installed on the NIC, as these actions will leave the NIC without any driver update. Manually installing or updating the network driver on the servers is not recommended, as it might cause inconsistency and non-compliance in the vLCM image. References: vSphere Lifecycle Manager Image Components; [Add an Individual Component to an Image]

Using vSAN ESA and the new Storage pool configuration where all disks contribute to capacity is the correct answer because it allows the organization to take advantage of the new features in vSAN 8.0, such as improved I/O flow, better resiliency, and more efficient disk usage. With vSAN ESA, there is no need to create disk groups or designate cache disks, as all disks are treated as capacity disks and use a new algorithm to distribute data across them. This also simplifies the disk management and reduces the overhead of cache management. References:

• VMware vSAN Specialist v2 Exam Preparation Guide, page 6
• What’s New in VMware vSAN 8.0

To create a Kerberos secured NFS v4.1 file share, the administrator needs to provide the following information during the configuration of the File Service:

• Active Directory Domain: The domain name of the Active Directory server that provides Kerberos authentication service for the NFS server and clients. For example, example.com.
• User Account: The user name of the Active Directory account that has permissions to join the NFS server to the domain and create service principal names (SPNs) for the NFS server. For example, administrator@example.com.
• Password: The password of the Active Directory account that is used for authentication. For example, P@ssw0rd.

These information are required to enable Kerberos security for NFS 4.1 and allow the NFS server to obtain a Kerberos ticket from the Active Directory server. The administrator also needs to specify the NFS share name, path, and access permissions1 References: 1: VMware vSphere Storage Guide, page 118

The reconfiguring state indicates that some components stored on the vSAN datastore are being moved or resized to meet a new storage policy requirement. This state can occur when the applied storage policy is modified, such as changing the number of failures to tolerate, stripe width, or object space reservation. The other situations will not cause components to enter this state. References: [VMware vSAN Specialist v2 EXAM 5V0-22.23], page 31

To make sure that Skyline online health will work for vSAN, two requirements must be met: enable CEIP and join the program, and have a working Internet connection. CEIP stands for Customer Experience Improvement Program, which is a voluntary program that collects anonymous product usage data from customers who participate in it. By enabling CEIP and joining the program, customers can benefit from Skyline online health, which provides proactivenotifications and recommendations for software and hardware issues based on VMware Analytics Cloud. A working Internet connection is also required for Skyline online health to communicate with VMware Analytics Cloud and receive online notifications. The other options are not requirements for Skyline online health. References: About the vSAN Skyline Health; Skyline Health

A durability component is a temporary component that is created when a host or disk group is placed in maintenance mode with the Ensure data accessibility option, or when a host or disk group fails unexpectedly. A durability component improves the availability of data by maintaining the required number of failures to tolerate (FTT) until the original component is restored or rebuilt. A durability component also speeds up the resynchronization process by reducing the amount of data that needs to be copied. The other characteristics are not applicable to a durability component. References: VMware vSAN Specialist v2 EXAM 5V0-22.23, page 10, Objective 6.8; [Durability Components]

To add 30 additional vSAN ReadyNodes to an existing vSAN cluster with the fastest approach, the vSAN administrator should use a Host Profile that was extracted from an existing host. AHost Profile is a configuration template that captures the settings of a reference host and applies them to other hosts or clusters. This way, the administrator can quickly and consistently configure multiple hosts with the same settings, such as network, storage, security, and services. The other options are not correct. Running vim-cmd to capture and apply the configuration from an existing host is not as fast or convenient as using a Host Profile, as it requires running commands on each host individually. Launching Quickstart to Add Hosts to a vSAN Cluster is not possible, as Quickstart is only available for new clusters or clusters that were configured through Quickstart. Cloning the ESXi boot partition to all new hosts is not recommended, as it might cause conflicts or errors with the host identity, network settings, or licenses. References: Configuring Hosts Using Host Profile; Using Quickstart to Configure and Expand a vSAN Cluster

VMware Cloud on AWS is a service that delivers a fully managed VMware SDDC on AWS infrastructure. It uses vSAN as the mandatory, primary storage for the SDDC clusters. vSAN provides a high-performance, resilient, and secure shared storage solution for the VMware Cloud on AWS environment. The other options are not correct, as vSAN is not mandatory or primary for them. VMware Horizon, VMware Aria Automation, and Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition can use vSAN as an optional or secondary storage solution, but they can also use other types of storage. References: , section 1.1; , section 1.2

To enable vSAN ESA, two requirements that need to be met are: vSAN Standard license or higher, and vSAN ReadyNodes configuration. vSAN Standard license or higher is required to use vSAN ESA, as it is a feature that is only available in vSAN 8.0 or later versions. vSAN ESA is an optional, alternative architecture to vSAN OSA that is designed to process and store data with higher efficiency, scalability, and performance. vSAN ReadyNodes configuration is required to use vSAN ESA, as it is a hardware configuration that is pre-configured, tested, and certified for VMware Hyper-Converged Infrastructure Software. Each vSAN ReadyNode is optimally configured for vSAN ESA with the required amount of CPU, memory, network, and storage NVMe devices. The other options are not correct. vSAN Build Your Own configuration is not supported for vSAN ESA, as it might not meet the hardware requirements or compatibility for vSAN ESA. vSAN Witness Appliance is not required to use vSAN ESA, as it is only needed for stretched cluster or two-node cluster configurations. References: vSAN Express Storage Architecture; vSAN ReadyNode Hardware Guidance

The correct answer is D, add additional capacity disks to each disk group. This is because adding capacity disks to existing disk groups is the fastest and easiest way to expand the capacity of the vSAN datastore without disrupting any ongoing operations or requiring additional hardware. The administrator can add up to five capacity disks per disk group in vSAN OSA, which means each host can have up to 25 capacity disks in total. The administrator should make sure that the new capacity disks are unformatted and not partitioned, so that vSAN can recognize and claim them. The administrator should also manually rebalance the cluster after adding the capacity disks to distribute the data evenly across the new devices. The other options are incorrect for the following reasons:

• A, enable Deduplication and Compression on the cluster level, is incorrect because enabling Deduplication and Compression is not a recommended way to expand the capacity of the vSAN datastore. Deduplication and Compression is a space efficiency feature that reduces the logical space consumption of data by eliminating duplicate blocks and applying compression algorithms. However, enabling Deduplication and Compression requires a full data evacuation and resynchronization, which can be disruptive and time-consuming. Deduplication and Compression also introduces additional CPU and memory overhead, which can affect the performance of the cluster. Deduplication and Compression is only supported on all-flash clusters, not on hybrid clusters.
• B, add additional capacity by adding a disk on one host and creating a storage pool, is incorrect because creating a storage pool is not supported in vSAN OSA. A storage pool is a new configuration introduced in vSAN 8 ESA, where all disks are treated as capacity disks and use a new algorithm to distribute data acrossthem. This configuration is not compatible with vSAN OSA, which uses a disk group configuration where one disk is designated as a cache disk and the rest are capacity disks. To use a storage pool, the administrator would need to migrate to vSAN 8 ESA on a new cluster with new hardware.
• C, add additional capacity by adding a vSAN ReadyNode to the cluster, is incorrect because adding a vSAN ReadyNode to the cluster is not the fastest or easiest way to expand the capacity of the vSAN datastore. A vSAN ReadyNode is a preconfigured server that meets the hardware requirements for running vSAN. Adding a vSAN ReadyNode to the cluster would require additional hardware procurement, installation, and configuration. It would also increase the compute capacity of the cluster, which may not be necessary for the workload. Adding a vSAN ReadyNode would also trigger a resynchronization of data across the cluster, which can affect the performance and availability of the cluster. References:
• VMware vSAN Specialist v2 Exam Preparation Guide, page 10