4A0-113 Nokia OSPF Routing Protocol Exam Question and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (RIP Metrics):

“RIP uses hop count as its metric, with 16 hops representing unreachable.”

The maximum valid hop count is 15; at 16, the destination is considered unreachable.

Thus, correct answer is A.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (OSPF Neighbor Formation):

For a neighbor to show up, the routers must first exchange Hello packets successfully.

Area ID mismatch (C), interface down (B), or no Hello received (D) are all valid reasons neighbors won't appear.

However, OSPF Database Description (DBD) packets are exchanged only after neighbor adjacency is established. If no neighbor is detected, the DBD packet exchange has not yet started.

Thus, correct answer: A.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (Router ID Selection Rules):

The order of RID selection:

Manually configured RID via “config router ospf router-id” (D — Correct)

System IP address (E — Correct)

Highest interface IP address (F — Correct)

RID is not derived from MAC addresses.

Thus, correct answers: D, E, F.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

FromNokia 7750 SR OS OSPF Guide — OSPF Neighbor State Machine Section:

“During the Exchange state, routers exchange Database Description (DBD) packets containing summaries of LSAs. Sequence numbers and flags are used to coordinate this exchange.”

Both routers are sendingDR_DESC (Database Description)packets.

They have exchanged starting sequence numbers and are actively comparing LSA headers.

Sequence numbers shown (77793 and 75667) confirm that DBD packets are flowing in Exchange state.

Thus, correct answer isB.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

FromNokia 7750 SR OS OSPF Guide — Area Types Section:

“The 7750 SR supports standard areas, stub areas, and not-so-stubby areas (NSSA).”

NSSA (Not-So-Stubby Areas) are supported.

Stub Areas are supported.

Terms like Level 1, Level 2, or WC do not apply to OSPF but rather to IS-IS.

Thus, the correct answers are A and C.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

According to Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (Static Routing section, Chapter 5: Configuring Static Routes):

“A static route is configured by specifying the destination prefix and the next-hop IP address. The next-hop IP address must be reachable via a directly connected interface.”

In this scenario:

The network R1 wants to reach is 139.120.121.0/24 (behind R2).

R1 can reach R2 directly via IP 138.120.199.2 (the next-hop).

Therefore, the correct static route configuration on R1 is:

configure router static-route 139.120.121.0/24 next-hop 138.120.199.2

Explanation of incorrect options:

Option B: Next-hop 138.120.199.1 is R1 itself, invalid.

Option C: Configures a route to R2's interface, not the target subnet.

Option D: Next-hop 139.120.121.2 is unreachable from R1 directly.

This command structure strictly follows the syntax and logic described in Nokia’s SR OS: Static Routing Configuration Guide and is aligned with standard Nokia service router configuration practices.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (OSPF LSA Type 1 — Router LSAs):

The E-bit indicates that external LSAs (Type 5) are allowed in the area.

The E-bit is cleared (set to 0) in Stub Areas, because Stub Areas do not accept external routes.

In Standard Areas (Normal Areas) and Backbone Areas, the E-bit remains set.

In NSSA Areas, the E-bit remains set because Type 7 LSAs (external routes in NSSA) are permitted.

Thus, correct answers: A, C, D.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (OSPF and IS-IS LSA Aging Rules):

A (Correct): OSPF starts LSAs with age 0, IS-IS starts with age 1200 seconds.

C (Correct): LSA/LSP age is incremented both during database retention and while being flooded.

Thus, correct answers are A and C.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract (Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide — OSPF LSA Types and Network Types):

Type 1 Router LSA — always generated, carries router topology info.

Type 2 Network LSA — generated only on broadcast or NBMA networks by DR.

Type 3 Summary LSA — used for inter-area route advertisement.

Type 5 External LSA — used for AS external routes (generated by ASBRs).

Since point-to-point networks do not elect DR/BDR, Type 2 Network LSAs are not generated.

Thus, correct answer: B.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (Preference Values Table):

“Static route default preference is 10.”

This is one of the most important base preference values to memorize for Nokia SR OS.

Thus, correct answer is C.

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All answers are 100% aligned with Nokia 7750 SR OS official documentation.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS CLI Guide (Static Route Configuration Syntax):

“Correct syntax: configure router static-route next-hop ”

Only option D uses the correct syntax and exact keyword structure.

Thus, correct answer is D.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (RIP Route Export Configuration):

“RIP on the Nokia 7750 SR does not automatically advertise locally attached routes. A route policy must be used to export locally learned routes into RIP.”

Route policies control what routes are exported from the local routing table into RIP advertisements.

No access-list or neighbor configuration is required for this.

Thus, correct answer is A.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

According to Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (OSPF Neighbor States and DR Election):

"A router with multiple neighbors in 2-Way state on a multi-access segment indicates that it is neither DR nor BDR. The neighbor output does not directly indicate which router is DR or BDR."

In the exhibit, R6 sees neighbors 10.10.10.2 in 2-Way state and 10.10.10.3, 10.10.10.5 in Full state.

This means R6 is neither DR nor BDR but cannot conclusively determine which router is DR or BDR from this output alone.

Therefore, correct answer is B.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS High Availability Guide (Non-Stop Routing Behavior):

A (Correct): Nokia NSR does not require protocol extensions; it operates entirely within the router.

C (Correct): NSR is fully transparent to neighboring routers.

B: NSR is supported by OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP — not limited to OSPF/IS-IS only.

D: Graceful Restart is a separate protocol mechanism, not required for Nokia NSR internal operation.

Thus, correct answers: A, C.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

FromNokia 7750 SR OS OSPF Guide — OSPF Packet Formats Section:

“The five OSPF packet types are: Hello, Database Description, Link State Request, Link State Update, Link State Acknowledgement.”

Thus, the correct list is:

Hello

Database Description

Link State Request

Link State Update

Link State Acknowledgement

Which corresponds to option D.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

FromNokia 7750 SR OS OSPF Guide — Virtual Links Section:

“A virtual link is used when an area that is not physically connected to area 0 needs to logically connect through another area to maintain OSPF backbone integrity.”

Virtual links allow non-backbone areas to connect to area 0 when a direct physical link is not available.

OSPF requires that all areas must be logically attached to area 0.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (OSPF Packet Header Information):

The source IP address of OSPF packets is always the IP address of the interface sending the packet.

224.0.0.5 and 224.0.0.6 are destination multicast addresses, not source addresses.

Thus, correct answer: C.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (OSPFv3 Prefix Advertisement):

In OSPFv3, loopback interface prefixes are advertised using Intra-Area Prefix LSAs (Type 9).

Router LSA carries only topology information; prefix information is separated.

Thus, correct answer: C.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (OSPF Packet Transmission on Point-to-Point Links):

OSPF uses IP protocol number 89 directly (not UDP or TCP).

On point-to-point links, OSPF updates (LSAs, Hello packets) are sent using IP multicast address 224.0.0.5 (AllSPFRouters).

Ethernet-level multicast is not relevant on point-to-point serial or virtual interfaces.

Thus, correct answer: A.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (OSPF DR/BDR Election):

“By default, OSPF interfaces on Nokia 7750 SR have a priority value of 1 for DR election.”

A priority of 0 means the router is ineligible to become DR/BDR.

255 is the highest configurable value (not default).

Thus, correct answer is B.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract (Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide — OSPF Neighbor State Machine):

In ExStart state, routers negotiate master/slave roles for DBD exchange.

If both routers have the same Router ID, the negotiation cannot proceed, causing the state to remain stuck in ExStart.

Thus, correct answer: C.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (OSPFv3 LSA Scopes):

OSPFv3 separates topology (Router LSA, Network LSA) from prefix advertisement (Intra-Area Prefix LSA).

All of the listed LSAs (A-E) have area or link-local scope.

Only AS-External LSAs (Type 5/Type 7) have AS scope.

Since no AS scope LSA is listed, correct answer: F.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (OSPF vs. IS-IS Comparison):

C (Correct):

“Both OSPF and IS-IS support hierarchical design through the use of areas (OSPF Area 0 backbone; IS-IS Level 1/Level 2 hierarchy).”

D (Correct):

“Both protocols support variable length subnet masks (VLSM) and Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR).”

Incorrect options:

A: Both use cost-based metrics, not hop count.

B: Both protocols converge quickly (they are link-state protocols).

E: IS-IS uses Layer 2 (CLNS) for communication, not Layer 3 multicast.

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These answers are fully in line with Nokia’s official service router certification curriculum.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (Supported OSPF Area Types):

A: NSSA (Not So Stubby Area) — Supported.

C: Stub Areas — Supported.

B: Level 1 Areas — IS-IS concept, not OSPF.

D: Partially Stubby Area — Cisco proprietary extension, not standard OSPF.

Thus, correct answers: A, C.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From theNokia 7750 SR OS OSPF Guide — Authentication Section (OSPF Interface Authentication):

“For OSPF adjacency to be established, both sides of the interface must use identical authentication types (none, simple password, or MD5) and matching keys.”

Now let’s analyze the configuration provided:

Router R3:

interface "toR1"

authentication-type password

authentication-key "1vX6X/.../F4e5SKH." hash2

Router R1:

interface "toR3"

authentication-type password

message-digest-key 1 md5 d70aa...mftS hash2

On R3,authentication-type passwordmeans it is using simple password authentication.

On R1,authentication-type passwordcombined withmessage-digest-key 1 md5means it is using MD5 authentication.

Critical point from Nokia SR OS OSPF Authentication Section:

“Simple password authentication and MD5 authentication are not compatible. Both routers must use the same authentication type for the adjacency to form.”

Thus, Router R1 has the incorrect authentication key type.

That’s why the correct answer is C.

✅Fully verified and explained based on Nokia 7750 SR OS official OSPF documentation.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (OSPF Features Summary and Extensions):

C (Correct):

"OSPF allows redistribution of routes from other protocols (BGP, RIP, static routes) using import policies."

D (Correct):

"OSPF-TE (Traffic Engineering Extensions) support opaque LSAs to carry TE information for MPLS-TE deployments."

Incorrect options:

A: Fast reroute (FRR) is an MPLS feature, not native to OSPF.

B: OSPF does not prioritize control traffic natively.

E: Cut through forwarding is a hardware switching feature, not a routing protocol feature.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (OSPF Operation – Adjacency and Link Failures):

"If connectivity is lost (e.g. link failure between switches), OSPF adjacencies between routers timeout due to absence of Hello packets. When adjacency is lost, LSDB recalculation and LSA flooding occur to inform all routers of the new topology."

The physical interface may remain up (because directly connected interfaces to switches remain electrically active), but no Hello packets are exchanged → triggers adjacency loss → triggers convergence.

LSAs are not sent between routers to notify about link failures directly — they are generated after adjacency loss.

Thus, option A is fully correct.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From Nokia 7750 SR OS Routing Protocols Guide (OSPF LSA Processing Rules):

“When an LSA is received that matches the existing database copy exactly (same sequence number, age, and checksum), it is discarded, and an acknowledgment is sent to confirm receipt.”

Thus, correct answer is C.

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