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TESTED 21 Feb 2026
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As an IoT forensic investigator, you are tasked with investigating a cybercrime involving a compromised Smart TV and other IoT devices. The investigation requires extracting data from various IoT devices, including drones, wearables, and SD cards, to gather crucial evidence. You need a tool capable of performing both physical and logical extractions from these devices, covering mobile devices running Android, iOS, Tizen OS, and chip-off memory sources. Which of the following tools would be most suitable for this investigation?
An investigator is working on a complex financial fraud case involving multiple government agencies. As part of the investigation, the investigator seeks to acquire certain government records to help uncover potentially fraudulent activities and determine the full scope of the crime. However, one of the government agencies involved denies access to some of the requested records, citing national security concerns and invoking a statutory exemption. Which law governs the investigator's right to request these records, and which exemption might prevent disclosure?
Nora, a forensic investigator, is examining the Windows Registry of a compromised system as part of her investigation into a potential insider threat. She wants to determine which folders were most recently accessed by the user. After reviewing the Registry, she discovers that a particular Registry key stores information about the folders the user recently accessed, including the folder names and their paths in the file system. Based on her findings, which of the following Registry keys contains this information?
An investigator is working on a digital forensics case involving a suspected data breach. The investigator is tasked with acquiring data from the suspect's hard drive. Before beginning the data extraction process, the investigator securely removes all sensitive data from the drive. To ensure that no residual data can be recovered from the drive, the investigator applies a method to overwrite the data on the drive using a series of sequential zeros and ones, thereby protecting the privacy and integrity of the investigation. Which forensic data acquisition step is the investigator performing?
A digital forensics examiner is investigating a suspected case of corporate espionage involving the theft of sensitive intellectual property from a company's servers. In adherence to ENFSI Best Practices for Forensic Examination of Digital Technology,
what would be the examiner's primary concern?
During a cybersecurity investigation, logs from a Cisco switch, VPN, and DNS server are collected. These logs contain valuable information about network activities and potential security breaches.
In digital forensics, what role do Cisco switch, VPN, and DNS server logs play when analyzing network incidents?
After a cybercrime investigation involving a compromised Windows system, an investigator is tasked with recovering private browsing artifacts. The investigator decides to retrieve data from the pagefile.sys and other live memory captures to identify traces of activity from private browsing modes.
Which tool should the investigator use to analyze the live system and recover these private browsing artifacts?
Eliana, a network administrator, is tasked with monitoring FTP traffic on her organization’s network. She suspects that there might be ongoing password cracking attempts targeting the FTP server. To effectively monitor the situation, she needs to track all the unsuccessful login attempts on the FTP server. Given the network traffic, which of the following Wireshark display filters should Eliana apply to identify all the failed login attempts on the FTP server?
During a cybercrime investigation, investigators obtain a warrant to search a suspect's computer system for evidence of hacking activities. As they collect data from the suspect's electronic devices, they inadvertently access information revealing the identities of other users connected to the system.
Which step in the cybercrime investigation process raises concerns related to privacy issues?
Sarah, a commuter, relies on her mobile device for entertainment during her daily train ride. She prefers streaming high-definition videos to pass the time. With her need for seamless and high-speed data transfer, she benefits greatly from cellular network technology that ensures smooth streaming without buffering interruptions.
Which cellular network technology would be most suitable for Sarah for her mobile device?
You, as a forensic investigator, have been assigned to investigate a case involving the suspect's email communication. During the investigation, you discover that the emails from the suspect's Trash folder may contain crucial evidence. The emails are stored in.pst files, and you must extract and analyze all relevant email messages, including those that were deleted or marked as corrupted. To ensure the integrity of the data, you need a tool that can efficiently process these files, recover any deleted messages, and provide a clear view of the email contents for analysis. Which of the following tools would be best suited for this task?
A large multinational corporation, specializing in financial services, recently experienced a potential data breach that affected their critical business systems. As part of the forensic investigation, the organization must quickly restore its servers, both fully and at a granular level, to determine the extent of the breach and verify the integrity of sensitive financial data. The forensic team needs a comprehensive and reliable tool that can perform full image-level backups of their servers, as well as allow for selective file and folder restores in order to investigate individual systems and recover specific documents and configuration files. The tool should be able to handle both physical and virtual environments efficiently, ensuring minimal downtime and accurate data recovery.
Given the organization's need for rapid and reliable recovery, the forensic team must choose a tool that can restore entire systems in case of failure while also offering the flexibility to restore individual files or folders from the backup image. This capability is critical for isolating the compromised systems and recovering vital business records that may have been affected by the breach. The organization requires a solution that not only restores data but also provides the ability to maintain business continuity during the investigation, ensuring that systems are up and running as quickly as possible while maintaining forensic integrity.
Which of the following forensic tools would be best suited for this task?
Sarah, a security analyst, is reviewing the security audit logs from a Windows machine to detect unauthorized activities. She comes across an event with the ID 4663 in the Windows Event Viewer, which corresponds to a specific type of system interaction. After further analysis, she determines that this event is related to an activity involving critical system objects.
What does Event ID 4663 specifically indicate in relation to Windows security?
As part of a digital investigation, a forensic expert needs to analyze a server suspected of hosting illicit content. The server has multiple volumes and partitions. To proceed with the analysis, the investigator needs to gather evidence from a location on the server where user files, documents, and system metadata are typically stored.
Which of the following storage locations should the investigator primarily focus on for this purpose?
During a forensic investigation of a website, an analyst examines an IIS log entry to gather information on web traffic. The log entry shows the following:
2023-07-12 06:11:41 192.168.0.10 GET /images/content/bg_body_1.jpg - 80 - 192.168.0.27 Mozilla/12.0+
(Windows+NT+6.3;+WOW64)+AppleWebKit/537.36+(KHTML,+like+Gecko)+Chrome/48.0.2564.103+Safari/537.36
http://www.techsite.com/assets/img/logo.png 200 0 0 365
The analyst needs to identify the field that contains the value
http://www.techsite.com/assets/img/logo.png in the log entry.
Which of the following fields does this value belong to?
Amelia, a cloud security analyst, is investigating a security breach in a cloud-based system where an adversary has managed to execute malicious code within the cloud environment. The attack was executed by intercepting and manipulating a SOAP message during transmission, duplicating the body of the message, and sending it to the server as though it was from a legitimate user. This manipulation resulted in the adversary gaining unauthorized access to the cloud system. What type of cloud-based attack did the adversary perform in this situation?
Emily, a network security analyst, is reviewing the logs generated by a Cisco firewall after a suspected attack on the company's network. She encounters a log message related to a connection attempt that seems suspicious. The log shows an entry with mnemonic 106022. Based on the firewall's logging patterns, which of the following best describes the log message Emily found?
You are a cybersecurity analyst conducting system behavior analysis on a Windows machine infected with suspected malware. Your goal is to monitor the processes initiated and taken over by the malware after execution, as well as observe associated child processes, handles, loaded libraries, and functions to understand its behavior. As a cybersecurity analyst utilizing Process Monitor for system behavior analysis, what key feature of the tool enables comprehensive monitoring of file system, registry, and process/thread activity on a Windows machine?
In the realm of web accessibility, there are three layers: theSurface Web, which is easily accessible and indexed by standard search engines; theDeep Web, which contains unindexed content such as confidential databases and private portals; and theDark Web, a clandestine environment often associated with illegal activities like drug trafficking and cybercrime, accessible through specialized browsers such as Tor.
What distinguishes theDark Webfrom the Surface and Deep Web?
During a cybercrime investigation involving a large-scale data breach, the investigator uncovers that the evidence is distributed across several cloud-based platforms, with the data hosted on servers in multiple countries. Although the investigator has secured the necessary legal authorizations, including international warrants and data access approvals, they are encountering significant hurdles in retrieving the data due to the complexities of multi-jurisdictional cloud repositories. These issues are causing considerable delays, hindering the timely collection of critical evidence needed to identify the perpetrators.
What is the primary challenge the investigator is facing in this case?
An investigator is analyzing a suspect's computer in connection with a corporate espionage case. The investigator needs to gather all relevant data from the device, including any provisional information that may provide insights into recent user actions. While investigating, the investigator discovers that the system has stored a variety of data from previous user activities, including text, images, and links that were recently copied. Which type of volatile data is the investigator examining in this situation?
During a cybercrime investigation, forensic analysts discover evidence of data theft from a company's network. The attackers have utilized sophisticated techniques to cover their tracks and erase digital footprints, making it challenging to trace the origin of the breach. In the scenario described, what objective of computer forensics is crucial for investigators to focus on in order to effectively identify and prosecute the perpetrators?
John, a forensic examiner, has been tasked with analyzing an evidence image file acquired from a suspect machine. While conducting his investigation, he discovered a file that appeared to be suspicious. He opened the file in a Hex Editor and found the hex value of the file starting with “89 50 4Eâ€. Based on his analysis, which file type does this hex value correspond to?
During a typical workday, employees at a reputable financial institution notice unusual behavior on their network. Suddenly, emails flood in from concerned customers reporting suspicious login attempts and strange pop-up messages. Panic ensues as the IT department investigates, discovering signs of an external attack targeting their network security.
What are examples of external attacks that pose a threat to corporate networks?
Aria, a forensic investigator, is working on a case where she needs to convert anE01 disk image fileto araw image file formaton a Linux-based system. She needs a reliable tool to mount and convert the image so that she can analyze the files within it. Which of the following tools should Aria use to accomplish this task?
During a forensic investigation on an iOS device, you are tasked with retrievinggeolocation datafor various applications and system services. After examining the device, you come across several files. Which of the following files contains the geolocation data of applications and system services on iOS devices?
As a forensic investigator specializing in cybersecurity, you've been assigned to analyze a suspicious PDF document named“infected.pdf.â€This document was discovered on a company server and is suspected to contain malicious scripts that could pose a threat to the organization's systems and network. As part of your investigation into the PDF document, what initial step would you take to identify potential malicious components within the file?
A digital forensics investigator is tasked with analyzing a compromised Mac computer recovered from a cybercrime scene. However, upon examination, the investigator discovers that the log messages containing crucial evidence have been tampered with or deleted.
Given the tampering or deletion of log messages on the Mac computer, which anti-forensic technique is likely employed to hinder the forensic analysis process in this scenario?
Hazel, a forensic investigator, is analyzing the SSH logs on a Linux server usingjournalctl. She needs to extract thefingerprint of the SSH keyfrom the logs to trace any potential unauthorized access. Which of the following commands should Hazel execute to view the SSH key fingerprint in the SSH unit logs?
Sophia, a network security analyst, is reviewing the logs from a Cisco router in an attempt to identify suspicious traffic patterns. She encounters a log entry that matches the criteria for an access control list (ACL) filter, showing that a TCP or UDP packet was detected based on the applied rules. Based on the log entry description, which of the following is the correct mnemonic for this log message?
Investigators conduct forensic analysis to examine Tor Browser activity. They scrutinize memory dumps to extract email artifacts and analyze storage devices for email attachments, both with the Tor Browser open and closed. Additionally, they explore forensic options post-uninstallation of the Tor Browser to uncover any residual evidence.
What is the primary objective of forensic analysis in scenarios involving the Tor Browser?
Mateo, a forensic investigator, is analyzing a cyber-attack carried out against a target organization. During his investigation, he discovers that several important files are missing on a Linux system. Further examination reveals that one of the files, which was an executable, had erased its own content during the attack. Mateo realizes that in order to recover this file, he needs to use a Linux command that can help him retrieve the contents of this erased executable. Given the situation, which of the following commands should Mateo use to recover the lost executable file on the Linux system?
A forensic investigator is assigned to investigate a data leak involving the distribution of sensitive corporate information across multiple online platforms. The suspect is believed to have shared the data discreetly through various public channels. To uncover evidence, the investigator needs to collect posts, photos, videos, and user interactions from multiple networks. The investigator requires a tool that can efficiently gather, organize, and analyze this data, ensuring the integrity of the evidence for further investigation. Which tool would be best suited for this task?
In a financial institution's computer forensic investigation, suspicious activity reveals unauthorized access to GLBA (Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act)-protected customer data, raising concerns for customer safety. However, identifying the breach's source and extent poses significant challenges, complicating compliance with GLBA guidelines.
What steps should be taken in a GLBA-covered computer forensic investigation when unauthorized access to sensitive customer data is discovered?
During a network security audit, an investigator is tasked with assessing the security of nearby wireless networks. The investigator needs to gather real-time information about nearby wireless access points (APs) and display this data using diagnostic views and charts. The tool should allow them to visualize details such as signal strength, AP names, and other relevant characteristics of the networks in the area. Which of the following tools would be most appropriate for this task?
You are a forensic investigator working for a cybersecurity firm tasked with analyzing a suspicious Microsoft Office document named “infected_doc.†The document was discovered in an email attachment sent to multiple employees at a large corporation. Concerns have been raised about potential malware embedded within the document, particularly involving VBA macros.
As a forensic investigator examining the “infected_doc†Microsoft Office document, what initial step would you take to identify suspicious or malicious components within the file?
Imagine you, as a forensic investigator, are assigned to investigate a cybercrime involving a Windows-based system. The system has experienced significant file loss due to the attack, and retrieving the missing files is essential for the investigation. To facilitate this, you choose an automated tool capable of restoring critical files that were lost during the incident, ensuring the integrity of the evidence. Which tool would be the most suitable for this task?
In a multifaceted cybersecurity operation, analysts deploy a suite of cutting-edge IDS tools like Juniper, Check Point, and Snort to meticulously scrutinize logs. These logs, brimming with intricate data on network events, serve as the cornerstone of the defense, enabling analysts to discern subtle anomalies amidst the deluge of information.
Amidst the labyrinth of cybersecurity defenses, which multifaceted function do intrusion detection systems (IDS) primarily undertake, alongside their role of monitoring and analyzing events?
In a RAID 1 setup, a company's critical database is stored across two mirrored hard drives. During a routine system check, one of the hard drives suddenly fails due to a hardware malfunction. The redundant data stored on the remaining drive ensures that the database remains intact and accessible, allowing the company to continue operations without any data loss. How does RAID 1 ensure data integrity and availability in the event of a hard drive failure?
During dynamic malware analysis, a suspicious executable file is executed in a controlled, sandboxed environment. The malware exhibits behavior indicative of network communication and file encryption.
In dynamic malware analysis, what is the primary objective of executing a suspicious file in a sandboxed environment?
During a forensic investigation involving an Android device, the investigator needs to establish communication between the device and a computer running the Android Software Developer Kit (SDK). This communication will allow the investigator to access system files, logs, and other relevant data for analysis. To facilitate this, the investigator enables a specific Android developer feature on the device.
Which feature must be enabled to allow the device to communicate with the workstation running the Android SDK?
Detective Sarah, a skilled digital forensics investigator, begins probing a compromised computer system linked to a cybercrime ring. Prioritizing volatile data, she meticulously plans her evidence-collection strategy. Amidst the investigation, various data sources emerge, each holding potential clues to unraveling the illicit scheme.
Which data source should you prioritize for collection, considering the order of volatility outlined in the RFC 3227 guidelines?
TESTED 21 Feb 2026