220-1102 CompTIA A+ Certification Core 2 Exam Question and Answers

The laptop has an additional option under power and sleep settings that desktops do not have. Switching to do nothing prevents the screen from turning off when closed.

The systems administrator should clear the application cache12

If clearing the application cache does not work, the systems administrator should uninstall and reinstall the application12

Resetting the phone to factory settings is not necessary at this point12

Installing an alternative application with similar functionality is not necessary at this point12

If a rootkit has caused a deep infection, then the only way to remove the rootkit is to reinstall the operating system. This is because rootkits are designed to be difficult to detect and remove, and they can hide in the operating system’s kernel, making it difficult to remove them without reinstalling the operating system

https://www.minitool.com/backup-tips/how-to-get-rid-of-rootkit-windows-10.html

Since the systems administrator has validated that the workstation functions normally and other users operate on the same workstation without any issues, the next step should be to rebuild the user’s profile. This will ensure that any corrupted files or settings are removed and the user’s profile is restored to its default state.

The most cost-effective version of Windows 10 that allows remote access through Remote Desktop is Windows 10 Pro. Windows 10 Pro includes Remote Desktop, which allows users to connect to a remote computer and access its desktop, files, and applications. Windows 10 Home does not include Remote Desktop, while Windows 10 Pro for Workstations and Windows 10 Enterprise are more expensive versions of Windows 10 that include additional features for businesses

Vishing is a type of social engineering attack where a fraudulent caller impersonates a legitimate entity, such as a bank or financial institution, in order to gain access to sensitive information. The caller will typically use a variety of techniques, such as trying to scare the target or providing false information, in order to get the target to provide the information they are after. Vishing is often used to gain access to usernames, passwords, bank account information, and other sensitive data.

The rollback plan should be updated before requesting approval again. A rollback plan is a plan for undoing a change if it causes problems, and it is an important part of any change management process. If the change advisory board did not approve the requested change due to the lack of alternative actions if implementation failed, then updating the rollback plan would be the best way to address this concern.

Account lockout would best mitigate the threat of a dictionary attack1

The technician can close unnecessary applications and turn on autorotation to resolve these issues with minimal impact. Autorotation can help the device to switch between portrait and landscape modes automatically. Closing unnecessary applications can help to free up the device’s memory and reduce the device’s temperature1

Chrome OS provides a lightweight option for workstations that need an easy-to-use browser-based interface1

Navigate to the Windows 10 Settings menu, select the Accounts submenu, select Sign in options, select Windows Hello Fingerprint, and have the user place a fingerprint on the fingerprint reader repeatedly until Windows indicates setup is complete. Windows Hello Fingerprint can be set up by navigating to the Windows 10 Settings menu, selecting the Accounts submenu, selecting Sign in options, and then selecting Windows Hello Fingerprint. The user will then be asked to place a fingerprint on the fingerprint reader repeatedly until Windows indicates that setup is complete. Windows Hello Fingerprint allows the user to log into the laptop using just their fingerprint, providing an additional layer of security.

The risk analysis should be performed before it's taken to the board. The step after the board approves the change is End User Agreenment Reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ru77iZxuElA &list=PLG49S3nxzAnna96gzhJrzkii4hH_mgW4b&index=59

Resource Monitor is a Windows utility that can be used to monitor and analyze the system resources and processes running on a computer. It can be used to identify and troubleshoot any issues that might be causing the computer to run slowly, such as CPU usage, memory usage, disk I/O, and network usage.

The Linux command used to install an application is sudo. The sudo command allows users to run programs with the security privileges of another user, such as the root user. This is necessary to install applications because it requires administrative privileges1

The technician should have connected a proper ESD strap to prevent damage to the motherboard. ESD (electrostatic discharge) can cause damage to electronic components, and an ESD strap helps to prevent this by grounding the technician and preventing the buildup of static electricity. Removing all jewelry is also a good practice, but it is not the most likely solution to this problem.

 BitLocker is only available on Windows 10 Pro, Enterprise, and Education editions1. Therefore, the technician is unable to find the BitLocker Drive Encryption menu item in Control Panel because it is not included in the Windows 10 Home edition1.

The most likely cause of the user’s issue of applications opening without being launched and browser redirects when trying to go to certain websites is malware. Malware is a general term that refers to any software or code that is malicious or harmful to a computer or system. Malware can perform various unwanted or unauthorized actions on a computer or system, such as opening applications, redirecting browsers, displaying ads, stealing data, encrypting files or damaging hardware. Malware can infect a computer or system through various means, such as email attachments, web downloads, removable media or network connections. Keylogger is a type of malware that records and transmits the keystrokes made by a user on a keyboard. Keylogger can be used to steal personal or sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card numbers or chat messages. Keylogger does not typically open applications or redirect browsers but only captures user inputs. Cryptominers are a type of malware that use the computing resources of a computer or system to mine cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum. Cryptominers can degrade the performance and increase the power consumption of a computer or system. Cryptominers do not typically open applications or redirect browsers but only consume CPU or GPU cycles. Virus is a type of malware that infects and replicates itself on other files or programs on a computer or system.

 An evil twin is a type of social-engineering attack that involves setting up a rogue wireless access point that mimics a legitimate one. The attacker can then intercept or modify the traffic of the users who connect to the fake SSID. The attacker may also use phishing or malware to steal credentials or personal information from the users

 The most likely reason that the system is not utilizing all the available RAM is that the system is utilizing a 32-bit OS. A 32-bit OS is an operating system that uses 32 bits to address memory locations and perform calculations. A 32-bit OS can only support up to 4GB of RAM, and some of that RAM may be reserved for hardware devices or system functions, leaving less than 4GB of usable RAM for applications and processes. A 32-bit OS cannot recognize or utilize more than 4GB of RAM, even if more RAM is installed on the system. To utilize all the available RAM, the system needs to use a 64-bit OS, which can support much more RAM than a 32-bit OS. The system missing updates may cause some performance or compatibility issues, but it does not affect the amount of usable RAM on the system. The system’s memory failing may cause some errors or crashes, but it does not affect the amount of usable RAM on the system. The system requiring BIOS updates may cause some configuration or compatibility issues, but it does not affect the amount of usable RAM on the system. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.1

The technician should use the Personalization option in the Windows settings to enable a Screensaver lock. The Personalization option allows users to customize the appearance and behavior of their desktop, such as themes, colors, backgrounds, lock screen and screensaver. The technician can enable a Screensaver lock by choosing a screensaver from the drop-down menu, setting a wait time in minutes and checking the box that says “On resume, display logon screen”. This will lock the computer and require a password or PIN to log back in after the screensaver is activated. Ease of Access is an option in the Windows settings that allows users to adjust accessibility features and settings, such as narrator, magnifier, high contrast and keyboard shortcuts. Ease of Access is not related to enabling a Screensaver lock. Privacy is an option in the Windows settings that allows users to manage privacy and security settings, such as location, camera, microphone and app permissions. Privacy is not related to enabling a Screensaver lock. Update and Security is an option in the Windows settings that allows users to check and install updates, troubleshoot problems, backup files and restore system. Update and Security is not related to enabling a Screensaver lock. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.7

 The user can most likely make the change of extending the display to a second monitor in the System option in the Windows settings. The System option allows users to manage system settings and features, such as display, sound, notifications, power and storage. The user can extend the display to a second monitor by selecting Display from the System option and then choosing Extend these displays from the Multiple displays drop-down menu. This will allow the user to use both monitors as one large desktop area. Devices is an option in the Windows settings that allows users to add and manage devices connected to the computer, such as printers, scanners, mice and keyboards. Devices is not related to extending the display to a second monitor but to configuring device settings and preferences. Personalization is an option in the Windows settings that allows users to customize the appearance and behavior of their desktop, such as themes, colors, backgrounds, lock screen and screensaver. 

The best explanation for why the system still has malware after performing a System Restore is that the malware was installed before the system restore point was created. A system restore point is a snapshot of the system settings and configuration at a certain point in time. A System Restore is a feature that allows users to restore their system to a previous state in case of problems or errors. However, a System Restore does not affect personal files or folders, and it may not remove malware that was already present on the system before the restore point was created. A system patch disabling the antivirus protection and host firewall may increase the risk of malware infection, but it does not explain why the malware persists after a System Restore. The system updates not including the latest anti-malware definitions may reduce the effectiveness of malware detection and removal, but it does not explain why the malware persists after a System Restore. The system restore process being compromised by the malware may prevent a successful System Restore, but it does not explain why the malware persists after a System Restore. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.3

 Bringing the device within Bluetooth range is the best way to troubleshoot the issue of inconsistent audio when using wireless headphones and moving around. Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows devices to communicate over short distances, typically up to 10 meters or 33 feet. If the device is too far from the headphones, the Bluetooth signal may be weak or interrupted, resulting in poor audio quality or loss of connection.

Rolling back video card drivers is the best way to resolve the issue of large desktop icons on a user’s newly issued PC. This means restoring the previous version of the drivers that were working fine before the software patch was deployed. The software patch may have caused compatibility issues or corrupted the drivers, resulting in display problems

The error “BOOTMGR is missing” indicates that the boot sector is damaged or missing1. The boot sector is a part of the hard disk that contains the code and information needed to start Windows1. To fix this error, one of the possible methods is to run Startup Repair from Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)1. Startup Repair is a tool that can automatically diagnose and repair problems with the boot process2.

 Apologizing to the customer and escalating the issue to a manager is the best course of action for the support center representative to take. This shows empathy and professionalism and allows the manager to handle the situation and provide the appropriate service or resolution for the customer.

The piece of hardware that the technician should replace to resolve the issue of the screen failing to rotate on a mobile device that was dropped is the accelerometer. The accelerometer is a sensor that detects the orientation and movement of the mobile device by measuring the acceleration forces acting on it. The accelerometer allows the screen to rotate automatically according to the position and angle of the device. If the accelerometer is damaged or malfunctioning, the screen may not rotate properly or at all, even if the settings are correctly applied. LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display and is a type of display that uses liquid crystals and backlight to produce images on the screen. LCD is not related to the screen rotation feature but to the quality and brightness of the display. Battery is a component that provides power to the mobile device by storing and releasing electrical energy. Battery is not related to the screen rotation feature but to the battery life and performance of the device. Digitizer is a component that converts touch inputs into digital signals that can be processed by the mobile device. Digitizer is not related to the screen rotation feature but to the touch sensitivity and accuracy of the display. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.5

A possible cause of the user being redirected to unexpected websites is that the localhost file entries have been modified by malware or hackers to point to malicious or unwanted websites. The localhost file is a text file that maps hostnames to IP addresses and can override DNS settings. By examining the localhost file entries, a technician can identify and remove any suspicious or unauthorized entries that may cause the redirection issue. Enabling firewall ACLs may not resolve the issue if the firewall rules do not block the malicious or unwanted websites. Verifying the routing tables may not resolve the issue if the routing configuration is correct and does not affect the web traffic. Updating the antivirus definitions may help prevent future infections but may not remove the existing malware or changes to the localhost file. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.3QUESTION NO: 218a

A network technician installed a SOHO router for a home office user. The user has read reports about home routers being targeted by malicious actors and then used in DDoS attacks. Which of the following can the technician MOST likely do to defend against this threat?

A. Add network content filtering.

B. Disable the SSID broadcast.

C. Configure port forwarding.

D. Change the default credentials.

Answer: D

 One of the most effective ways to defend against malicious actors targeting home routers for DDoS attacks is to change the default credentials of the router. The default credentials are often well-known or easily guessed by attackers, who can then access and compromise the router settings and firmware. By changing the default credentials to strong and unique ones, a technician can prevent unauthorized access and configuration changes to the router. Adding network content filtering may help block some malicious or unwanted websites but may not prevent attackers from exploiting router vulnerabilities or backdoors. Disabling the SSID broadcast may help reduce the visibility of the wireless network but may not prevent attackers from scanning or detecting it. Configuring port forwarding may help direct incoming traffic to specific devices or services but may not prevent attackers from sending malicious packets or requests to the router. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 3.3

The error message “Your connection is not private. Authority invalid.” means that the web browser cannot verify the identity or security of the website’s SSL certificate. This could indicate that the website has been compromised, has a configuration error, or has an expired or invalid certificate. The user should not proceed to the site or use a different browser, as this could expose their sensitive information to potential attackers. The user should also not reinstall the browser, as this is unlikely to fix the error and could cause data loss. The best action for the user to take is to report the error to the bank and wait for them to resolve it.

Robocopy is a command-line utility that can be used to mirror the source data for the backup. It can copy files and folders with various options, such as copying only changed files, preserving attributes and permissions, and retrying failed copies. Robocopy is more powerful and flexible than copy or xcopy, which are simpler commands that can only copy files and folders without mirroring or other advanced features. Copy-Item is a PowerShell cmdlet that can also copy files and folders, but it is not a native Windows utility and it requires PowerShell to run1.

The Windows 10 desktop has Windows 10 Home installed, which does not support RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) as a host. Only Windows 10 Pro, Enterprise, and Education editions can act as RDP hosts and allow remote access to their desktops1. The Windows 10 desktop does not have DHCP configured, is connected via Wi-Fi, or is hibernating are not likely to prevent the RDP connection if the technician is able to ping the computer successfully.

User Accounts is a Control Panel utility that allows the technician to manage user accounts and groups on a workstation1. The technician can use User Accounts to grant local administrative access to a user by adding the user to the Administrators group1. The Administrators group has full control over the workstation and can perform tasks such as installing software, changing system settings, and accessing all files.

Chromium is an operating system that only has a web browser interface. Chromium is an open-source project that provides the source code and framework for Chrome OS, which is a Linux-based operating system developed by Google. Chromium and Chrome OS are designed to run web applications and cloud services through the Chrome web browser, which is the only user interface available on the system. Chromium and Chrome OS are mainly used on devices such as Chromebooks, Chromeboxes and Chromebits. Linux is an operating system that does not only have a web browser interface but also a graphical user interface and a command-line interface. Linux is an open-source and customizable operating system that can run various applications and services on different devices and platforms. Linux can also support different web browsers, such as Firefox, Opera and Chromium. Microsoft Windows is an operating system that does not only have a web browser interface but also a graphical user interface and a command-line interface. Microsoft Windows is a proprietary and popular operating system that can run various applications and services on different devices and platforms. Microsoft Windows can also support different web browsers, such as Edge, Internet Explorer and Chrome. iOS is an operating system that does not only have a web browser interface but also a graphical user interface and a voice-based interface. iOS is a proprietary and mobile operating system developed by Apple that can run various applications and services on devices such as iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch. iOS can also support different web browsers, such as Safari, Firefox and Chrome. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.1

B. Startup Folder1: The Startup folder is a special folder that contains shortcuts to programs or scripts that will run automatically when a user logs on. The technician can create a shortcut to the script and place it in the Startup folder for the conference room computer or for all users.

E. Task Scheduler23: The Task Scheduler is a tool that allows you to create tasks that run at specified times or events. The technician can create a task that runs the script at logon for the conference room computer or for all users.

Risk analysis is used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation. Risk analysis is a process of identifying, assessing and prioritizing potential risks that may affect a project or an activity. Risk analysis can help determine the likelihood and impact of various issues that may arise during a change implementation, such as technical errors, compatibility problems, security breaches, performance degradation or user dissatisfaction. Risk analysis can also help plan and prepare for mitigating or avoiding these issues. Scope change is a modification of the original goals, requirements or deliverables of a project or an activity. Scope change is not used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation but to reflect changes in expectations or needs of the stakeholders. End-user acceptance is a measure of how well the users are satisfied with and adopt a new system or service. End-user acceptance is not used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation but to evaluate the success and effectiveness of the change. Rollback plan is a contingency plan that describes how to restore a system or service to its previous state in case of a failed or problematic change implementation. Rollback plan is not used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation but to recover from them. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 5.2

Checking for application updates is the first troubleshooting step that the user should perform, because the application may not be compatible with the new OS version and may need an update to fix the issue. Deleting the application’s cache, rolling back the OS update, or uninstalling and reinstalling the application are possible solutions, but they are more time-consuming and disruptive than checking for updates. References: : https://www.comptia.org/training/resources/exam-objectives/comptia-a-core-2-exam-objectives : https://www.lifewire.com/how-to-update-apps-on-android-4173855

Screen lock is a feature that returns a computer to the login screen after a period of inactivity, requiring the user to enter their credentials to resume their session. Screen lock can be configured using Group Policy settings, such as Screen saver timeout and Interactive logon: Machine inactivity limit. Screen lock can help prevent unauthorized access to a computer when the user is away from their desk. Login times are not a feature that returns a computer to the login screen, but a measure of how long it takes for a user to log in to a system. User permission is not a feature that returns a computer to the login screen, but a set of rights and privileges that determine what a user can do on a system. Login lockout attempts are not a feature that returns a computer to the login screen, but a security policy that locks out a user account after a number of failed login attempts.  https://woshub.com/windows-lock-screen-after-idle-via-gpo/

SMB stands for Server Message Block, which is a network file sharing protocol that allows applications on a computer to read and write to files and to request services from server programs in a computer network. SMB is a built-in protocol in Windows operating systems and can be used to transfer files between computers over a network. The technician can use SMB to access a file share on the user’s workstation and copy the file to or from it. VPN stands for virtual private network, which is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public network. VPN is not a built-in protocol in Windows operating systems and does not directly transfer files between computers. RMM stands for remote monitoring and management, which is a type of software solution that allows remote management and monitoring of devices and networks. RMM is not a built-in protocol in Windows operating systems and does not directly transfer files between computers. MSRA stands for Microsoft Remote Assistance, which is a feature that allows a user to invite another user to view or control their computer remotely. MSRA is not a protocol, but an application that uses Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) to establish a connection. MSRA does not directly transfer files between computers.

https://www.pcmag.com/picks/the-best-desktop-workstations

Remote wipe is a feature that allows data to be deleted from a device or system remotely by an administrator or owner1. It is used to protect data from being compromised if the device is lost, stolen, or changed hands1. Device encryption is a feature that helps protect the data on a device by making it unreadable to unauthorized users2. It requires a key or a password to access the data2. Both features can help mitigate the risk of losing company trade secrets if a corporate phone is stolen.

An access control list (ACL) is a list of permissions associated with a system resource (object), such as a website. An ACL specifies which users or system processes are granted access to objects, as well as what operations are allowed on given objects1. A systems administrator can create an ACL to define the list of websites that users are allowed to access.

Drilling and incinerating are physical destruction methods that make the data on hard drives unrecoverable. Standard formatting, erasing and low-level formatting are logical methods that can be reversed with data recovery tools. Recycling is not a destruction method at all. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-a-certificate-of-destruction https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

VNC (Virtual Network Computing) is a protocol that allows a technician to simultaneously view and control a user’s screen remotely. VNC uses a server-client model, where the user’s computer runs a VNC server and the technician’s computer runs a VNC client. VNC can work across different platforms and operating systems3. SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol that allows a technician to access a user’s command-line interface remotely, but not their graphical user interface. VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public network, but does not allow screen sharing. RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) is a protocol that allows a technician to access a user’s desktop remotely, but not simultaneously with the user.

The technician should use devmgmt.msc tool to make adjustments for the touchpad issue after Windows installed updates on a laptop. Devmgmt.msc is a command that opens the Device Manager, which is a utility that allows users to view and manage the hardware devices and drivers installed on a computer. The technician can use the Device Manager to check the status, properties and compatibility of the touchpad device and its driver, and perform actions such as updating, uninstalling or reinstalling the driver, enabling or disabling the device, or scanning for hardware changes. Eventvwr.msc is a command that opens the Event Viewer, which is a utility that allows users to view and monitor the system logs and events. The Event Viewer may provide some information or clues about the touchpad issue, but it does not allow users to manage or troubleshoot the device or its driver directly. Perfmon.msc is a command that opens the Performance Monitor, which is a utility that allows users to measure and analyze the performance of the system

 Samba is a software suite that allows Linux servers and desktops to integrate with Windows Active Directory environments. Samba can act as a domain controller, a file server, a print server, or a client for Windows networks. Samba can also provide authentication and authorization services for Linux users and devices using Active Directory.

 Chain of custody and data integrity are two options that should most likely be considered when preserving data from a hard drive for forensic analysis. Chain of custody refers to the documentation and tracking of who has access to the data and how it is handled, stored, and transferred. Data integrity refers to the assurance that the data has not been altered, corrupted, or tampered with during the preservation process

The best filesystem format to ensure read and write compatibility of USB flash drives across several generations of Microsoft operating systems is FAT32. FAT32 stands for File Allocation Table 32-bit and is a filesystem format that organizes and manages files and folders on storage devices using 32-bit clusters. FAT32 is compatible with most Microsoft operating systems since Windows 95 OSR2, as well as other operating systems such as Linux and Mac OS X. FAT32 can support storage devices up to 2TB in size and files up to 4GB in size. APFS stands for Apple File System and is a filesystem format that organizes and manages files and folders on storage devices using encryption, snapshots and cloning features. APFS is compatible with Mac OS X 10.13 High Sierra and later versions but not with Microsoft operating systems natively. Ext4 stands for Fourth Extended File System and is a filesystem format that organizes and manages files and folders on storage devices using journaling, extents and delayed allocation features. Ext4 is compatible with Linux operating systems but not with Microsoft operating systems natively.

A virtual private network (VPN) is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public network, such as the internet. A VPN allows remote employees to access the corporate intranet as if they were physically connected to the local network3. Password-protected Wi-Fi is a security measure for wireless networks that does not provide access to the corporate intranet. Port forwarding is a technique that allows external devices to access services on a private network through a router, but does not provide access to the corporate intranet. A perimeter network is a network segment that lies between an internal network and an external network, such as the internet, and provides an additional layer of security, but does not provide access to the corporate intranet.

The technician should perform a rollback of the Windows update that caused the issue with the locally attached devices. A rollback is a process of uninstalling an update and restoring the previous version of the system. This can help to fix any compatibility or performance issues caused by the update1. To rollback an update, the technician can use the Settings app, the Control Panel, or the System Restore feature. The technician should also check for any device driver updates that might be needed after rolling back the update. Disabling the Windows Update service is not a good practice, as it can prevent the system from receiving important security and feature updates. Checking for updates might not fix the issue, as the update that caused the issue might still be installed. Restoring hidden updates is not relevant, as it only applies to updates that have been hidden by the user to prevent them from being installed2.

MDM stands for mobile device management, which is a type of software solution that allows remote management and security of mobile devices. MDM can help a company reduce data disclosure caused by malware that may infect these devices by enforcing security policies, such as encryption, password protection, antivirus software, and remote wipe. MDM can also monitor and control the access of personal devices to corporate data and networks. UAC stands for user account control, which is a feature of Windows that prompts users for permission or an administrator password before making changes that affect the system. UAC may not be effective in preventing malware infection or data disclosure on personal devices. LDAP stands for lightweight directory access protocol, which is a protocol for accessing and managing information stored in a directory service, such as user names and passwords. LDAP does not directly address the issue of malware infection or data disclosure on personal devices. SSO stands for single sign-on, which is a feature that allows users to access multiple applications or services with one set of credentials. SSO may not prevent malware infection or data disclosure on personal devices, and may even increase the risk if the credentials are compromised. 

https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2021/03/mobile-device-security-bring-your-own-device-byod-draft-sp-1800-22

Shredding is the best method to use for the physical destruction of SSDs because it reduces them to small pieces that cannot be recovered or accessed. Wiping, low-level formatting, and erasing are not effective methods for destroying SSDs because they do not physically damage the flash memory chips that store data1.

The script type that is used with the Python language by default is .py. .py is a file extension that indicates a Python script file that contains Python code that can be executed by a Python interpreter or compiler. Python is a high-level, general-purpose and interpreted programming language that can be used for various applications, such as web development, data analysis, machine learning and automation. .ps1 is a file extension that indicates a PowerShell script file that contains PowerShell code that can be executed by a PowerShell interpreter or compiler. PowerShell is a task-based, command-line and scripting language that can be used for system administration and automation on Windows systems. .vbs is a file extension that indicates a VBScript file that contains VBScript code that can be executed by a VBScript interpreter or compiler. VBScript is an Active Scripting language that can be used for web development and automation on Windows systems. .bat is a file extension that indicates a batch file that contains a series of commands that can be executed by a command-line interpreter or shell on Windows systems. Batch files can be used for system administration and automation on Windows systems. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 4.3

A new employee will need to sign an AUP before being granted login access to the network. An AUP is an Acceptable Use Policy that defines the rules and guidelines for using network resources and services in an organization. An AUP typically covers topics such as security, privacy, ethics, compliance and liability issues related to network usage. An AUP helps protect the organization and its users from legal, regulatory and reputational risks associated with network activities. An MSDS is a Material Safety Data Sheet that provides information about hazardous substances and how to handle them safely. An MSDS is not related to network access or usage. A EULA is an End User License Agreement that specifies the terms and conditions for using a software product or service. A EULA is usually provided by software vendors or developers and does not apply to network access or usage in general. A UAC is a User Account Control that is a security feature that prompts users for permission or confirmation before performing certain actions that require elevated privileges or affect system settings. A UAC is not a document that needs to be signed by users but a mechanism that helps prevent unauthorized changes or malware infections on a system. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 5.1

Keychain is a feature of macOS that securely stores passwords, account numbers, and other confidential information for your Mac, apps, servers, and websites1. You can use the Keychain Access app on your Mac to view and manage your keychains and the items stored in them1. Keychain can also sync your passwords and other secure information across your devices using iCloud Keychain1. Keychain can be used as a password manager in macOS to help you keep track of and protect your passwords.

The support representative should send a quick message regarding the delay to the next customer. This will help the next customer understand the situation and adjust their schedule accordingly.

In Windows 10, there are privacy settings that control access to certain devices, such as microphones, cameras, and other input devices. If the microphone is not enabled under these privacy settings, the VoIP application may not have access to it, causing a lack of outgoing audio.

The technician can go to the Windows 10 Settings menu, select the Privacy submenu, and under App permissions, select Microphone. The technician should then turn on the toggle switch for the VoIP application to allow it to access the microphone.

Removing the microphone from the USB hub and plugging it directly into a USB port on the PC may or may not solve the issue, as the issue could be related to the privacy settings. Deleting the microphone from Device Manager and scanning for new hardware may also not solve the issue, as the issue could be related to the privacy settings. Replacing the USB microphone with one that uses a traditional 3.5mm plug is not recommended, as it would require purchasing a new microphone and may not solve the issue.

The technician should disable the user’s access to the device’s command shell. This will prevent the user from accessing sensitive data and will help to prevent further data leaks. The technician should then investigate the unapproved application to determine if it is the cause of the data leak. If the application is found to be the cause of the leak, the technician should uninstall the application and restore the device to factory settings. If the application is not the cause of the leak, the technician should investigate further to determine the cause of the leak. Disabling the ability to install applications from unknown sources can help to prevent future data leaks, but it is not the next step the technician should take in this scenario. Ensuring the device is connected to the corporate WiFi network is not relevant to this scenario1

Erasing/wiping the hard drives is the best method to dispose of the drives containing PII

Use the application at home and contact the vendor regarding a corporate license. The user should use the application only on the home laptop because it contains the initial license. The user should contact the vendor regarding a corporate license if they want to use the application on multiple computers on the corporate network1

To accomplish this task, the technician should use a Full backup method1

A full backup only requires two sets of tapes to restore because it backs up all the data from the workstation. With a differential backup, the backups need to be taken multiple times over a period of time, so more tapes would be needed to restore the data1

The technician should use the File Explorer application to assist the user with hiding the file 1. The user can right-click the file and select Properties. In the Properties dialog box, select the Hidden check box, and then click OK 1.

The OS utility used to change the color of the cursor in Windows is Ease of Access Center12

The user can change the cursor color by opening the Settings app, selecting Accessibility in the left sidebar, selecting Mouse pointer and touch under Vision, and choosing one of the cursor options. The user can select Custom to pick a color and use the Size slider to make the cursor larger or smaller12

The Ease of Access Center in the Windows OS provides accessibility options for users with disabilities or impairments. One of these options allows the user to change the color and size of the cursor, making it more visible and easier to locate on the screen. The Keyboard and Touchpad settings do not offer the option to change cursor color, and Display Settings are used to adjust the resolution and other properties of the display. Therefore, C is the best answer. This information is covered in the Comptia A+ Core2 documents/guide under the Accessibility section.

Multifactor authentication (MFA) is a security measure that requires users to provide multiple pieces of evidence when logging in to an account or system. This can include a combination of something the user knows (e.g. a password or PIN), something the user has (e.g. a security token or smartphone) and something the user is (e.g. biometrics such as a fingerprint or face scan). By enabling MFA, the systems administrator can ensure that users are required to provide multiple pieces of evidence when logging in, making it more difficult for unauthorized users to gain access to the system. This can help reduce the number of help desk tickets submitted due to forgotten passwords.

The filesystem that is supported by both Macs and Windows PCs is D. exFAT. exFAT is a file system that is designed to be used on flash drives like USB sticks and SD cards. It is supported by both Macs and Windows PCs, and it can handle large files and volumes

https://www.diskpart.com/articles/file-system-for-mac-and-windows-0310.html

To create a secondary login with different permissions in Windows 10, the user should utilize the Accounts setting. Here are the steps to create a new user account with different permissions:

Right-click the Windows Start menu button.

Select Control Panel.

Select User Accounts.

Select Manage another account.

Select Add a new user in PC settings.

Use the Accounts dialog box to configure a new account.1

The GPS application contains malware. The third-party GPS application is likely the cause of the slow performance of the phone. The application may contain malware that is using up system resources and slowing down the phone. The user should uninstall the application and run a malware scan on the phone1

ifconfig is a command-line utility that allows you to configure network interfaces on macOS and other Unix-like systems1. To set an IP address using ifconfig, you need to know the name of the network interface you want to configure (such as en0 or en1), and the IP address you want to assign (such as 192.168.0.150). You also need to use sudo to run the command with administrative privileges2. The syntax of the command is:

sudo ifconfig interface address

For example, to set the IP address of en1 to 192.168.0.150, you would type:

sudo ifconfig en1 192.168.0.150

You may also need to specify other parameters such as subnet mask, gateway, or DNS servers, depending on your network configuration3. The other commands are not directly related to setting an IP address on macOS. ipconfig is a similar command for Windows systems4, arpa is a domain name used for reverse DNS lookup, and ping is a command for testing network connectivity.

When a user experiences unexpected or erratic behavior while browsing the internet, it could be caused by the DNS servers. DNS translates human-readable domain names (like google.com) into IP addresses, which computers can use to communicate with web servers. If the DNS servers are not functioning correctly or have been compromised, it can result in the browser being redirected to unintended websites.

The strongest wireless configuration is B. WPA3. WPA3 is the most up-to-date wireless encryption protocol and is the most secure choice. It replaces PSK with SAE, a more secure way to do the initial key exchange. At the same time, the session key size of WPA3 increases to 128-bit in WPA3-Personal mode and 192-bit in WPA3-Enterprise, which makes the password harder to crack than the previous Wi-Fi security standards

https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/wep-wpa-wpa2-wpa3-explained/

The security benefits realized after deploying a client certificate to be used for Wi-Fi access for all devices in an organization are that all Wi-Fi traffic will be encrypted in transit. This means that any data transmitted over the Wi-Fi network will be protected from eavesdropping attempts. Rogue access points will not connect to the network because they will not have the client certificate. However, multifactor authentication will not be forced for Wi-Fi because the client certificate is being used in conjunction with the user’s existing username and password12

A support portal is an online system that allows customers to access customer service tools, submit requests and view status updates, as well as access information such as how-to guides, FAQs, and other self-service resources. This would be the best solution for the service desk, as it would allow them to easily manage the volume of requests by allowing customers to submit their own requests and view the status of their requests. Additionally, the portal would provide customers with self-service resources that can help them resolve their own issues, reducing the amount of tickets that need to be handled by the service desk.

The error message indicates that the security certificate presented by the website has either expired or is not yet valid. This can happen if the computer's clock has the wrong date or time, as SSL/TLS certificates have a specific validity period. If the clock is off by too much, it may cause the certificate to fail to validate. Therefore, the technician should check the computer's date and time and ensure that they are correct.

The BEST solution for preventing data theft within the call center in this scenario would be to lock the workstations after a period of inactivity. This would prevent unauthorized individuals from accessing patient data if call center agents were to step away from their workstations without logging out.

To delete an empty directory, enter rd Directory or rmdir Directory . If the directory is not empty, you can remove files and subdirectories from it using the /s switch. You can also use the /q switch to suppress confirmation messages (quiet mode).

The change management document that includes how to uninstall a patch is called the “rollback plan”. The rollback plan is a document that outlines the steps that should be taken to undo a change that has been made to a system. In the case of a patch, the rollback plan would include instructions on how to uninstall the patch if it causes problems or conflicts with other software12

The technician's action of setting the phone to silent while troubleshooting the customer's PC is an example of avoiding distractions. By setting the phone to silent, the technician is ensuring that they are able to focus on the task at hand without any distractions that could potentially disrupt their workflow. This is an important practice when handling customer's confidential material, as it ensures that the technician is able to focus on the task and not be distracted by any external sources. Furthermore, it also adheres to user privacy policies, as the technician is not exposing any confidential information to any external sources.

 The technician should run the System File Checker (SFC) first to correct file corruption errors on computers after a power outage. SFC is a command-line utility that scans for and repairs corrupted system files. It can be run from the command prompt or from the Windows Recovery Environment. Rebuilding the Windows profiles, restoring the computers from backup, and reimaging the computers are more drastic measures that should be taken only if SFC fails to correct the issue1

 If a technician suspects high disk I/O, the technician should use the Resource Monitor (resmon.exe) to identify the process that is causing the high disk I/O1. Resource Monitor provides detailed information about the system’s resource usage, including disk I/O1. The technician can use this information to identify the process that is causing the high disk I/O and take appropriate action1.

educating the user on the solution that was performed is a good next step after resolving an issue. This can help prevent similar issues from happening again and empower users to solve problems on their own.

 The administrator can use Virtual Network Computing (VNC) to troubleshoot the server effectively. VNC is a graphical desktop sharing system that allows the administrator to remotely control the desktop of a Linux server. 

A battery backup, also known as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), is a device that provides backup power during a power outage. When the power goes out, the battery backup provides a short amount of time (usually a few minutes up to an hour, depending on the capacity of the device) to save any work and safely shut down the equipment.

The risks in running this script are that the deployment script is performing unknown actions. Running the script blindly could cause unintended actions, such as deploying malware or deleting important files, which could negatively impact the organization’s network and data1.

The user can use the following commands to give the technician the correct information: ipconfig /all and hostname 1. The ipconfig /all command displays the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway for all adapters on the computer 1. The hostname command displays the name of the computer 1.

The correct answer is B. Swapping the cables for the monitors. When the second monitor is connected with the HDMI port, it is necessary to swap the cables for the monitors so that the mouse can move from the original monitor to the new monitor. This is because the HDMI port is designed to only support one monitor, and the mouse will not be able to move from one to the other without the cables being swapped.

According to CompTIA A+ Core 2 documents, "When connecting multiple displays to a system, the cables used to connect the displays must be swapped between the displays. For example, if a monitor is connected to a system using a VGA cable, the VGA cable must be moved to the next display to allow the mouse to move between the two displays."

The most likely agreement in use here is a EULA (End User License Agreement). This is a legally binding agreement between the user and the software developer, outlining the terms and conditions that the user must agree to in order to use the software. It is important that the user understands and agrees to the EULA before they can proceed with downloading and installing the software. As stated in the CompTIA A+ Core 2 exam objectives, users should be aware of the EULA before downloading any software.

The Ease of Access Center is a built-in utility in Windows that provides tools and options for making a computer easier to use for individuals with disabilities, including the visually impaired. In the Ease of Access Center, the technician can turn on options like high contrast display, screen magnification, and screen reader software to help the user better interact with the computer.

An EULA (End-User License Agreement) is a legally binding contract between a software supplier and a customer or end-user, generally made available to the customer via a retailer acting as an intermediary. A EULA specifies in detail the rights and restrictions which apply to the use of the software. Some of the main terms included in an EULA are the terms and scope of the license, any licensing fees, warranties and disclaimers, limitation of liability, revocation or termination of the license, and intellectual property information and restrictions on using the license (e.g. modification and copying)1

https://www.termsfeed.com/blog/eula-vs-terms-conditions/

The CompTIA A+ Core 2 220-1002 exam covers this topic in the following domains: 1.2 Given a scenario, use appropriate resources to support users and 1.3 Explain the importance of security awareness.

The technician would most likely use the Task Manager tool to safely make this change12

The Task Manager tool can be used to disable applications from starting automatically on Windows 10

The tool that a technician would most likely use to stop an application from automatically starting when a user logs in to a Windows 10 system is the Task Manager. The Task Manager can be used to view and manage processes, including those that are set to automatically start when a user logs in to the system.

The most likely reason the computer is unable to boot into the imaging system via the network is that the PXE boot option has not been enabled. PXE (Preboot Execution Environment) is an environment that allows computers to boot up over the network, instead of from a local disk. In order for this to work, the PXE boot option must be enabled in the computer's BIOS settings. As stated in the CompTIA A+ Core 2 exam objectives, technicians should know how to enable PXE in BIOS to enable network booting on a computer.

A workgroup network is a peer-to-peer network where each PC can share files and resources with other PCs without a central server. A public network is a network that is accessible to anyone on the internet. A wide area network is a network that spans a large geographic area, such as a country or a continent. A domain network is a network where a server controls the access and security of the PCs. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/network-types https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

WPA2/AES (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2/Advanced Encryption Standard) is a wireless security standard that supports enterprise mode, which allows a user to use login credentials (username and password) to authenticate to available corporate SSIDs (service set identifiers). TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) and Kerberos are network authentication protocols, but they are not wireless security features. Preshared key is another wireless security feature, but it does not use login credentials. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/wireless-security-standards https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

The BEST way to secure the workstation quickly when walking away is to use a key combination to lock the computer when leaving1

The best operations to do to resolve the issue of a long boot time at a minimal expense are B. Removing the applications from startup and D. Running the Disk Cleanup utility. These are two simple and effective ways to speed up your PC’s boot time without spending any money on hardware upgrades.

Removing the applications from startup means preventing unnecessary programs from launching automatically when you turn on your computer. This can reduce the load on your system resources and make the boot process faster. You can do this in Windows 10 by pressing Ctrl + Alt + Esc to open the Task Manager, and going to the Startup tab. There, you can see a list of programs that start with your computer, and their impact on the startup performance. You can disable any program that you don’t need by right-clicking on it and choosing Disable12.

Running the Disk Cleanup utility means deleting temporary files, system files, and other unnecessary data that may be taking up space and slowing down your computer. This can free up some disk space and improve the performance of your system. You can do this in Windows 10 by typing disk cleanup in the search box and selecting the Disk Cleanup app. There, you can choose which files you want to delete, such as Recycle Bin, Temporary Internet Files, Thumbnails, etc. You can also click on Clean up system files to delete more files, such as Windows Update Cleanup, Previous Windows installation(s), etc34.

PXE (Preboot eXecution Environment) boot is an orchestration tool that allows a desktop administrator to deploy a standard image to multiple computers over a network. It requires a PXE server that hosts the image and a PXE client that boots from the network interface card (NIC). USB drive and DVD installation media are not orchestration tools, but manual methods of installing an image on each computer individually. Recovery partition is not an orchestration tool, but a hidden partition on the hard drive that contains an image of the factory settings. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-pxe-boot https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

The best way for a technician to return the device to service safely is to reinstall the operating system. This is because the device is infected by ransomware, which is a form of malware that encrypts files and demands payment for decryption. Reinstalling the operating system will erase the ransomware and restore the device to its original state. However, this will also delete any data that was not backed up before the infection. Therefore, it is important to have regular backups of critical data and protect them from ransomware attacks1.

The other options are not effective or safe for ransomware recovery. Running an AV scan may not detect or remove the ransomware, especially if it is a new or unknown variant. Installing a software firewall may prevent future attacks, but it will not help with the current infection. Performing a system restore may not work if the ransomware has corrupted or deleted the restore points. Complying with the on-screen instructions is not advisable, as it will encourage the attackers and there is no guarantee that they will provide the decryption key after receiving the payment.

To prevent and recover from ransomware attacks, it is recommended to follow some best practices, such as234:

Use strong passwords and multifactor authentication for all accounts and devices.

Keep all software and firmware updated with the latest security patches.

Avoid opening suspicious or unsolicited emails and attachments.

Educate users and staff on how to recognize and report phishing and social engineering attempts.

Use antivirus software and enable real-time protection.

Enable network segmentation and firewall rules to limit the spread of ransomware.

Implement a Zero Trust security model to verify all requests and devices before granting access.

Create and test backups of critical data and store them offline or in a separate network.

Recover safely by isolating the infected devices, identifying the ransomware variant, and restoring data from backups.

Report any ransomware incidents to law enforcement agencies and seek help from experts.

services.msc is a tool that can be used to resolve the issue of “The Audio Driver is not running” on a Windows machine. It allows a technician to view, start, stop and configure the services that run on the system, such as the Windows Audio service. compmgmt.msc, regedit.exe, explorer.exe, taskmgt.exe and gpmc.msc are other tools that can be used for different purposes on a Windows machine, but they are not related to audio drivers or services. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-services-msc https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

The correct answer is D. Services. The print spooler is a service that manages the print queue and sends print jobs to the printer. To restart the print spooler, the salesperson can use the Services app, which allows them to stop and start the service. Alternatively, they can also use the Task Manager or the Command Prompt to restart the print spooler.

References and Explanation:

The Services app is a tool that displays all the services that are running on the computer. It can be accessed by typing services.msc in the Run window or by searching for Services in the Start menu. The Services app allows users to start, stop, restart, or configure any service, including the print spooler123.

The Task Manager is a tool that shows information about the processes, applications, and services that are running on the computer. It can be accessed by pressing Ctrl + Shift + Esc or by right-clicking on the taskbar and selecting Task Manager. The Task Manager allows users to start, stop, or restart any service by going to the Services tab and right-clicking on the service name12.

The Command Prompt is a tool that allows users to execute commands and perform tasks using text input. It can be accessed by typing cmd in the Run window or by searching for Command Prompt in the Start menu. The Command Prompt allows users to start, stop, or restart any service by using the net command with the service name. For example, to restart the print spooler, users can type net stop spooler and then net start spooler1.

The Control Panel is a tool that provides access to various settings and options for the computer. It can be accessed by typing control panel in the Run window or by searching for Control Panel in the Start menu. The Control Panel does not allow users to restart the print spooler directly, but it can be used to access other tools such as Devices and Printers, Troubleshooting, or Administrative Tools2.

The Processes tab is a part of the Task Manager that shows information about the processes that are running on the computer. It can be accessed by opening the Task Manager and selecting the Processes tab. The Processes tab does not allow users to restart the print spooler directly, but it can be used to end any process that is related to printing or causing problems with the print spooler2.

The Startup tab is a part of the Task Manager that shows information about the programs that run automatically when the computer starts. It can be accessed by opening the Task Manager and selecting the Startup tab. The Startup tab does not allow users to restart the print spooler directly, but it can be used to disable or enable any program that affects printing or interferes with the print spooler2.

Activation Lock is a feature that prevents anyone from erasing or activating an iOS device without the owner’s Apple ID and password. If a corporate-owned iOS device is linked to an employee’s Apple ID, it will have an Activation Lock issue when the employee leaves the company or forgets their Apple ID credentials.

netstat is a tool that can be used to investigate connections on a Windows machine. It displays information about the active TCP connections, listening ports, routing tables, network statistics, etc. nslookup is a tool that can be used to query DNS servers and resolve domain names to IP addresses. net use is a tool that can be used to connect or disconnect network drives or printers. net user is a tool that can be used to create or modify user accounts on a Windows machine. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-netstat https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

The correct answer is A. Document the date and time of change. After implementing a change, the technician should document the date and time of change in the change log or record. This helps to track the change history, monitor the change performance, and identify any issues or incidents related to the change. Documenting the date and time of change is also a good practice for auditing and compliance purposes.

Documenting the purpose of the change (B) and the risk level © are steps that should be done before implementing the change, not after. These are important information that help to justify, prioritize, and plan the change. The purpose of the change should explain why the change is needed and what benefits it will bring to the organization. The risk level should assess the potential impact and probability of the change causing any problems or disruptions to the business.

Documenting the findings of the sandbox test (D) is also a step that should be done before implementing the change, not after. A sandbox test is a way of testing the change in an isolated environment that mimics the production environment. This helps to verify that the change works as expected and does not cause any errors or conflicts with other systems or processes. The findings of the sandbox test should be documented and reviewed by the change advisory board (CAB) before approving the change for implementation.

Clearing the cached file is an action that can help resolve the issue of not seeing the latest patch notes on a game vendor’s website. A cached file is a copy of a web page or file that is stored locally on the user’s browser or device for faster loading and offline access. However, sometimes a cached file may become outdated or corrupted and prevent the user from seeing the most recent or accurate version of a web page or file. Clearing the cached file can force the browser to download and display the latest version from the server instead of using the old copy from the cache. Synchronizing the browser data, enabling private browsing mode, and marking the site as trusted are not actions that can help resolve this issue.

Creating a database is the most likely option to help the company gain a holistic view of asset cost. A database can store and organize information about the assets, such as purchase date, depreciation value, maintenance cost, warranty status, and replacement cost. Assigning users to assets, inventorying asset tags, and updating the procurement account owners are important steps for asset management, but they do not directly provide a holistic view of asset cost. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 18

CompTIA A+ Complete Study Guide: Core 1 Exam 220-1101 and Core 2 Exam …, page 101

Proper ventilation is a factor that can extend the life of a device by preventing overheating and thermal damage to the device’s components. Proper ventilation means ensuring that there is enough airflow around and inside the device to dissipate heat and maintain a suitable temperature for optimal performance. Proper ventilation can be achieved by using fans, heat sinks, vents, or liquid cooling systems, as well as avoiding placing the device near heat sources or in enclosed spaces. Battery backup, electrostatic discharge mat, and green disposal are not factors that can extend the life of a device.

Disk Defragment is a tool that can be used to improve the performance of a hard disk drive (HDD). HDDs store data in sectors and clusters on spinning platters. Over time, as data is written, deleted, and moved, the data may become fragmented, meaning that it is spread across different locations on the disk. This causes the HDD to take longer to access and load data, resulting in slower performance. Disk Defragment consolidates the fragmented data and rearranges it in a contiguous manner, which reduces the seek time and increases the speed of the HDD. Disk Management, Disk Cleanup, and Device Manager are not tools that can alleviate the issue of slow HDD performance.

EOL (end-of-life) is a term that indicates a vendor no longer supports a product. It means that the product will no longer be sold, updated or patched by the vendor, and that the users should migrate to a newer version or alternative product. AUP (acceptable use policy), EULA (end-user license agreement) and UAC (user account control) are not terms that indicate a vendor no longer supports a product. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-end-of-life https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

The correct answer is B. Power Options. The Power Options utility in the Control Panel allows you to configure various settings related to how your computer uses and saves power, such as the power plan, the sleep mode, the screen brightness, and the battery status. To access the Power Options utility, you can follow these steps:

Go to Control Panel > Hardware and Sound > Power Options.

Click on Change plan settings for the power plan you are using.

Click on Change advanced power settings.

Expand the USB settings category and then the USB selective suspend setting subcategory.

Set the option to Disabled for both On battery and Plugged in.

Click on OK and then on Save changes.

This will prevent the operating system from suspending the USB devices to save power .

System, Devices and Printers, and Ease of Access are not the utilities that should be used to configure the setting. System is a utility that provides information about your computer’s hardware and software, such as the processor, memory, operating system, device manager, and system protection. Devices and Printers is a utility that allows you to view and manage the devices and printers connected to your computer, such as adding or removing devices, changing device settings, or troubleshooting problems. Ease of Access is a utility that allows you to customize your computer’s accessibility options, such as the narrator, magnifier, high contrast, keyboard, mouse, and speech recognition. None of these utilities have any option to configure the USB selective suspend setting.

Booting into safe mode and performing a malware scan are the steps that a technician should perform when troubleshooting an issue with pop-up advertising messages on a PC. Safe mode is a diagnostic mode that starts the PC with minimal drivers and services, which can prevent the pop-up malware from running. Malware scan is a tool that can detect and remove the pop-up malware, as well as prevent further infection or damage. Investigating how the malware was installed, reinstalling the browser and restarting the machine are possible steps that can be done after booting into safe mode and performing a malware scan, depending on the situation and the results of the scan. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/how-to-boot-into-safe-mode https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Personalization is a Windows 10 setting that allows a user to modify the desktop wallpaper, as well as other aspects of the appearance and behavior of the desktop, such as colors, themes, sounds, etc. Apps is a Windows 10 setting that allows a user to manage the installed applications and their features. Updates is a Windows 10 setting that allows a user to check for and install the latest updates for the OS and other components. Display is a Windows 10 setting that allows a user to adjust the screen resolution, brightness, orientation, etc. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/windows-10-settings https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Chain of custody is a process that helps ensure that a piece of evidence extracted from a PC is admissible in a court of law. Chain of custody refers to the documentation and tracking of who handled, accessed, modified, or transferred the evidence, when, where, why, and how. Chain of custody can help establish the authenticity, integrity, and reliability of the evidence, as well as prevent tampering, alteration, or loss of the evidence. Data integrity form, valid operating system license, and documentation of an incident are not processes that can ensure that a piece of evidence extracted from a PC is admissible in a court of law.

Calibrating the phone sensors is a step that can troubleshoot the issue of screen not autorotating on a mobile device. Screen autorotation is a feature that automatically adjusts the screen orientation based on the device’s position and movement. Screen autorotation relies on sensors such as accelerometer and gyroscope to detect the device’s tilt and rotation. Calibrating the phone sensors can help fix any errors or inaccuracies in the sensor readings that may prevent screen autorotation from working properly. Enabling the touch screen, reinstalling the operating system, and replacing the screen are not steps that should be done next to troubleshoot this issue.

yum (Yellowdog Updater Modified) is a package management utility for PCs that are running the Linux operating system. It can be used to install, update and remove software packages from repositories. chmod (change mode) is a command that changes the permissions of files and directories in Linux. man (manual) is a command that displays the documentation of other commands in Linux. grep (global regular expression print) is a command that searches for patterns in text files in Linux. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/linux-package-management https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Removing the user-installed antivirus software program is the best way to resolve the issue of extremely slow performance caused by installing additional real-time protection antivirus software on a PC. Having more than one antivirus software program running at the same time can cause conflicts, resource consumption and performance degradation. Uninstalling one antivirus software program and installing a different one, activating real-time protection on both antivirus software programs, enabling the quarantine feature on both antivirus software programs and launching Windows Update are not effective ways to resolve the issue. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/why-you-shouldnt-run-multiple-antivirus-programs-at-the-same-time https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

A corporate security policy can restrict a corporate-managed mobile device from updating its OS automatically, even if the auto-update feature is turned on. This can be done to prevent compatibility issues, security risks or performance problems caused by untested or unwanted updates. The device administrator can control when and how the updates are applied to the device. The device not having enough free space, needing domain administrator confirmation or being incompatible with the newest version of the OS are not likely causes of the issue, since the user would receive an error message or a notification in those cases. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/mobile-device-management https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

ACL (access control list) is a security control that describes what permissions a user or group has on a shared network folder using NTFS (New Technology File System) security settings. It can be used to grant or deny read, write, modify, delete or execute access to files and folders. SMS (short message service), MFA (multifactor authentication), MDM (mobile device management) are not security controls that apply to shared network folders. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-an-acl https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Running an antivirus scan for malicious software is the first step that a support technician should do when a user reports a virus on a PC. The antivirus scan can detect and remove the virus, as well as prevent further damage or infection. Quarantining the host, investigating how the malware was installed and reimaging the computer are possible steps that can be done after running the antivirus scan, depending on the situation and the results of the scan. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/how-to-remove-a-virus https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

A cryptominer is a malicious program that uses the CPU resources of a computer to generate cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum. This can cause the CPU to run at 100% utilization and slow down the system. Spyware, virus and keylogger are other types of malware, but they do not necessarily cause high CPU usage. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-cryptomining https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Screen timeout is the setting that determines how long the screen stays on after the user stops interacting with the phone. Screen brightness is the setting that determines how much light the screen emits. Both of these settings affect the battery life of the phone, as keeping the screen on longer and brighter consumes more power than turning it off sooner and dimmer. A technician should check these settings first to troubleshoot the issue of low battery life and adjust them accordingly. Screen resolution, screen zoom, screen damage, and screen motion smoothness are not settings that directly affect the battery life or the screen staying on for a long time.

Verifying warranty status with the vendor is the most logical next step in the remediation process after determining that a motherboard has failed. A warranty is a guarantee from the vendor that covers the repair or replacement of defective or faulty products within a specified period of time. Verifying warranty status with the vendor can help the technician determine if the motherboard is eligible for warranty service and what steps to take to obtain it. Escalating the issue to Tier 2, replacing the motherboard, and purchasing another PC are not the most logical next steps in the remediation process.

A full backup does not depend on any previous backups, unlike differential or incremental backups, which only save the changes made since the last backup. A synthetic backup is a type of full backup that combines an existing full backup with incremental backups to create a new full backup, but it still requires multiple backup sets to recover data. Therefore, a full backup is the most suitable for the payroll workstation that needs to have its data readily available and recoverable. You can learn more about the differences between full, differential, incremental, and synthetic backups from this article.

An ESD strap, also known as an antistatic wrist strap, is a device that prevents electrostatic discharge (ESD) from damaging sensitive electronic components such as RAM. ESD is the sudden flow of electricity between two objects with different electrical charges, which can cause permanent damage or malfunction to electronic devices. An ESD strap connects the technician’s wrist to a grounded surface, such as a metal case or a mat, and equalizes the electrical potential between the technician and the device. Battery backup, thermal paste, and consistent power are not devices that can protect against ESD.

Shredding is a data destruction method that physically destroys the hard drive by cutting it into small pieces using a machine. Shredding ensures that data is completely removed from the hard drive and cannot be recovered by any means. Shredding is suitable for hard drives that contain PII (personally identifiable information), which is any information that can be used to identify, contact, or locate an individual. Degaussing, low-level formatting, and recycling are not data destruction methods that can guarantee complete data removal from a hard drive.

The correct answer is A. Verify the DNS server settings. This is because the DNS server is responsible for resolving domain names to IP addresses, which is necessary for accessing the internet or named network resources. If the DNS server settings are incorrect or the DNS server is down, the technician will not be able to access these resources even if they have a valid IP address and can ping the default gateway1.

1: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam: Core 2 Objectives, page 16, section 1.10.

Rolling back the updates is the best way to resolve the issue of slow performance caused by installing the latest Windows security patch. This can be done by using the System Restore feature or by uninstalling the specific update from the Control Panel. Rebuilding user profiles, restarting the services and performing a system file check are not likely to fix the issue, since they do not undo the changes made by the update. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/how-to-roll-back-windows-updates https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

A soft token, also known as a software token or an OTP (one-time password) app, is a type of multifactor authentication that generates a temporary code or password on a user’s device, such as a smartphone or a tablet. The user must enter this code or password along with their username and password to access their account or service. A soft token can help improve security by adding an extra layer of verification and preventing unauthorized access even if the user’s credentials are compromised. A soft token can also be implemented at a minimal cost, as it does not require any additional hardware or infrastructure. Biometrics, access control lists, and smart card are not types of multifactor authentication that can be implemented at a minimal cost.

Redeeming the included activation key card for a product key is the correct way to apply a Windows 10 Pro license to a computer that has Windows 10 Home installed. The activation key card is a physical or digital card that contains a 25-digit code that can be used to activate Windows 10 Pro online or by phone. Copying the windows.lie file, inserting a Windows USB hardware dongle and activating with the digital license are not valid methods of applying a Windows 10 Pro license. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/how-to-upgrade-windows-10-home-to-pro https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Quarantining the computer means isolating it from the network and other devices to prevent the spread of malware or ransomware. Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts the files on a computer and demands payment (usually in cryptocurrency) to restore them. If a technician sees a file that is requesting payment to a cryptocurrency address, it is likely that the computer has been infected by ransomware. Quarantining the computer should be the first step to contain the infection and prevent further damage. Disabling System Restore, updating the antivirus software definitions, and booting to safe mode are not steps that should be done before quarantining the computer.

This would ensure that the support documentation reflects the current state of the network and prevents any confusion or mismatch during a network outage. Updating the network diagrams is also one of the best practices for network documentation, as stated in the Official CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Guide1. The other options are not as effective or feasible as option B. Performing annual network topology reviews is too infrequent and may not capture recent changes. Allowing network changes once per year is too restrictive and may not meet the business needs. Routinely backing up switch configuration files is important, but it does not help with identifying new switches or devices on the network.

In Linux, the lp command is used to manage print jobs, including setting the default printer. The lp command allows users to send print jobs to a printer queue, check the status of print jobs, and cancel print jobs, among other functionalities. By using options and parameters with the lp command, a technician can specify a particular printer as the default for future print jobs, ensuring that documents are routed to the correct printer without needing to specify it each time.

When a user's cursor is moving on its own and unauthorized data transfer is occurring, the first step a technician should take is to Quarantine the workstation. This involves isolating the affected system from the network to prevent the spread of malware or unauthorized access to other parts of the network. Quarantining helps in containing the threat and provides a safe environment to investigate and remediate the issue without risking further contamination or data loss​​.

To mitigate brute-force attacks, implementing a failed log-in lockout feature is effective. This security measure temporarily disables user accounts after a specified number of unsuccessful login attempts, preventing attackers from continuously trying different password combinations to gain unauthorized access.

To prevent ransomware attacks via email, the most effective way is End user education (C). Educating users about the dangers of phishing emails, how to recognize suspicious emails, and the importance of not clicking on unknown links or attachments can significantly reduce the risk of ransomware infections. Awareness and training can empower users to act as the first line of defense against such cyber threats

Booting in safe mode is the initial step to diagnose a computer experiencing a blue screen of death (BSOD) following a failed Windows 10 update. Safe mode starts the computer with a minimal set of drivers and services, allowing troubleshooting and identification of the problematic software or driver causing the BSOD. This mode provides a safer environment to uninstall recent updates or drivers, perform system scans, and restore the system if necessary. Other options like System Restore wizard, last known-good configuration, and resetting BIOS settings may be subsequent steps but do not directly diagnose the issue as effectively as booting in safe mode.

To implement a system that handles both authentication and authorization, TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) is the best option. TACACS+ is a security protocol that provides centralized Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) services for networked access control, meeting the requirement for both authentication and authorization management.

For a SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) router setup where the goal is to only allow specific computers on the network, MAC filtering is the appropriate solution:

Configure MAC filtering: This security measure involves creating a list of allowed device MAC (Media Access Control) addresses in the router's settings. Only devices with MAC addresses on this list will be able to connect to the network, effectively restricting access to authorized computers only.

To safely upgrade the Microsoft Windows 10 OS, it is essential to backup critical data (C) and ensure that you have the necessary device drivers (D). Backing up critical data protects against potential data loss during the upgrade process. Having the correct device drivers ensures that the hardware components function properly with the new OS version, preventing issues like loss of functionality or compatibility problems​​.

The IT manager's caution regarding the new applications not having a detrimental effect on company finances points directly to concerns about the business impact. This encompasses potential costs associated with upgrading legacy systems, compatibility issues that might arise from running new applications on old infrastructure, and the risks of system downtime or reduced performance affecting business operations. The focus here is on ensuring that the integration of new applications into the legacy system does not incur unexpected expenses or disrupt critical business processes.

When troubleshooting a Windows system that is experiencing issues during the OS loading phase at startup, enabling boot logging is a practical step. Boot logging creates a record of all drivers and services that are loaded (or attempted to be loaded) during the startup process. This record, typically named ntbtlog.txt, can be reviewed to identify any drivers or services that failed to load, which could be contributing to the startup issues. This diagnostic step helps pinpoint the problematic component(s) and facilitates targeted troubleshooting to resolve the OS loading issues.

To secure a SOHO wireless network, enabling WPA3 is the recommended option. WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) is the latest security certification program developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to secure wireless computer networks. It provides cutting-edge security protocols and cryptographic methods to enhance and replace its predecessors, WPA2 and WPA, offering improved protection against brute-force attacks and ensuring better privacy on public networks​​.

The app file type is designed to run under macOS as an application file bundle. macOS uses application bundles to store executable files and related resources, such as libraries, image files, and localized content, in a single directory hierarchy. This approach simplifies application management and execution within the macOS environment​​.

For updating software on several hundred Mac laptops, the best method is Mobile Device Management (MDM). MDM solutions allow administrators to remotely manage and update software across multiple devices efficiently, making it an ideal choice for handling software updates on a large scale.

When handling a user support request that contains insufficient information, the first step a technician should take is to Ask the user for clarification (A). This involves gathering more details about the issue to understand the problem better and provide an accurate resolution. Effective communication and asking the right questions are essential for diagnosing and resolving IT issues efficiently​​.

If a technician is unable to run an OS installation file and receives a message indicating no software is installed to handle the file, the next step is to mount the ISO file. Mounting the ISO will create a virtual drive from which the installation can be run, mimicking the behavior of a physical installation media.

When an Android device experiences slow boot times and application crashes after installing apps from a third-party website, scanning the system for malware is a critical first step. Third-party sources can often host malicious software that can compromise device performance and security. A malware scan can identify and remove such threats, potentially resolving the performance issues and application instability. Clearing the web browser cache, enrolling the device in an MDM system, and confirming app compatibility are useful steps but do not address the immediate concern of potential malware introduced by third-party app installations.

When an Android device starts exhibiting issues like frequent crashes and rapid battery drain after downloading an application, the first step should be to address the immediate cause:

Uninstall the game application: Since the issues started after the game application was installed, removing it is a logical first step. Unwanted or malicious applications can cause such symptoms by running harmful processes in the background or exploiting system resources.

Install the latest security patches: Keeping the device updated with the latest security patches is crucial for protecting against vulnerabilities that could be exploited by malicious software. Updating can resolve existing security flaws and improve device stability.

Before starting a bare-metal installation of Windows 10, ensuring that there is sufficient storage space on the system's hard drive or SSD is crucial. This is because the installation files need enough room to be copied and for the operating system to be installed and function properly. Without adequate storage, the installation process can fail or the operating system might not perform optimally. Other prerequisites like internet connection, product key, and specific firmware types might be necessary at different stages of installation or activation, but the fundamental requirement is enough storage space to accommodate the new OS.

SQL injection is a type of attack that takes advantage of vulnerabilities in a web application's database query software, allowing an attacker to send malicious SQL commands through the application to the database. These commands can manipulate the database and can lead to unauthorized data access or manipulation.

SQL injection: In the scenario described, the malicious user was able to export an entire website's user database by entering specific commands into a field on the company's website, which is a classic example of an SQL injection attack. This type of attack exploits vulnerabilities in the database layer of an application to execute unauthorized SQL commands.

Cross-site scripting (A) involves injecting malicious scripts into content from otherwise trusted websites. A brute-force attack (C) is an attempt to gain access to a system by systematically checking all possible keys or passwords until the correct one is found. A DDoS attack (D) is an attempt to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by overwhelming it with a flood of internet traffic.

In a Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) setup, the technician is most likely to configure mapped drives on a new PC. Mapped drives allow for easy access to shared resources such as files and printers on the network. This setup facilitates file sharing and collaboration within a small network, making it an essential configuration for SOHO environments.

BitLocker is a full-disk encryption feature included with Windows Vista and later. It is designed to protect data by providing encryption for entire volumes. By encrypting the hard drive, BitLocker prevents unauthorized access to the data stored on the drive, securing it in case the laptop is lost or stolen. BitLocker is preferable over options like Windows Backup (which is for data recovery, not encryption), Shadow Copy (used for backup and does not encrypt data), and Trusted Platform Module (TPM, which is a hardware component used alongside BitLocker for securing encryption keys).

Time Machine is a backup feature available in macOS that automatically makes hourly backups for the past 24 hours, daily backups for the past month, and weekly backups for all previous months to an external drive or NAS. It allows users to recover the entire system or specific files from any point in time, ensuring access to multiple versions of files. This feature is particularly useful for reverting to earlier versions of a document or recovering a file that has been accidentally deleted or altered. The other options, such as Multiple Desktops, Remote Disc, and FileVault, do not provide versioning capabilities for file access.

The pwd command, which stands for "print working directory," is used in Linux and Unix-like operating systems to display the current directory in which the user is operating. This command outputs the full pathname of the current working directory, helping users to understand their current location in the filesystem hierarchy.

pwd: When executed, it provides the absolute path of the directory you're currently in, which is useful for navigation and scripting purposes.

Other options listed:

dig: This command is used for querying DNS name servers for information about host addresses, mail exchanges, name servers, and related information.

find: This command is used to search for files in a directory hierarchy based on specified criteria (such as name, modification date, size, etc.).

cat: Short for "concatenate," this command is used to read the contents of files and output them to the terminal.

On macOS, uninstalling an application typically involves locating the app in Finder and dragging it to the Trash. This method is straightforward and commonly used for removing unwanted applications. The other options do not directly relate to the standard process of uninstalling applications on a Mac.

For issues related to constant, unwanted pop-ups and browser window problems, a careful approach that minimizes impact to the user's data and productivity is advisable:

Perform a full-system, antivirus scan: This step involves using antivirus software to scan the entire system for malware or adware that might be causing the pop-ups and browser issues.

Check browser notifications: Some unwanted pop-ups may result from browser notification permissions inadvertently granted to malicious or spammy websites. Reviewing and adjusting these settings can help stop the pop-ups.

Multifactor authentication (MFA) significantly enhances security by requiring two or more forms of verification before granting access to an account or system. This method is highly effective against brute-force attacks, where attackers attempt to guess a user's password through repeated trials. By implementing MFA, even if a password is compromised, unauthorized access is still prevented without the additional authentication factor(s), such as a code from a smartphone app, a fingerprint, or a physical security token.

Multifactor authentication: Provides an additional layer of security beyond just the password, making it much harder for attackers to gain unauthorized access through brute-force methods, as they would need to compromise more than one authentication factor.

Encryption (B) is crucial for protecting data at rest and in transit, but it does not directly prevent brute-force login attempts. Increased password complexity (C) can deter brute-force attacks by making passwords harder to guess, but it is not as effective as MFA in preventing access when passwords are compromised. A secure password vault (D) helps users manage and store their passwords securely, which can indirectly contribute to security by allowing users to keep more complex passwords, but it does not directly prevent brute-force attacks on accounts.

When an email is encrypted and the recipient cannot open it, the issue typically revolves around the need for encryption keys. Encryption keys are used to encode and decode the email content, ensuring that only authorized recipients with the correct key can access the information. In this scenario, the user would need to receive the appropriate decryption key from the sender to unlock and read the encrypted email. This exchange ensures that sensitive information remains secure during transmission and is only accessible to intended recipients.

Turning off inheritance on the specific folder requested by the manager and setting the requested permissions, followed by turning on inheritance under the child folders, ensures that only the immediate team has access to the confidential material while maintaining the broader permissions structure for other folders and files. This action isolates the folder's permissions from the top-level inheritance, providing a focused security measure for sensitive content.

The 'top' command in Linux is used to display the running processes along with information about system resources like CPU and memory usage. It provides a real-time view of the system's resource consumption, making it an essential tool for monitoring and managing system performance.

To enforce a security policy that prohibits USB drives on user workstations, the network administrator should run the gpupdate (C) command. This command forces a Group Policy update, which can include policies to disable USB drives. Group Policy is a feature in Microsoft Windows that allows for centralized management and configuration of operating systems, applications, and users' settings in an Active Directory environment​​.

An AUP, or Acceptable Use Policy, is a set of rules applied by the owner, creator, or administrator of a network, website, or service that restricts the ways in which the network, website, or system may be used. In this scenario, the administrator is likely referring to the company's AUP, which outlines what employees can and cannot do on the company's network, including restrictions on accessing certain types of websites, such as sports teams' sites, for non-work-related purposes.

AUP (Acceptable Use Policy): This policy typically includes rules designed to maintain the security of the network, ensure the productivity of employees, and comply with legal regulations. Blocking access to specific websites is a common practice enforced through an AUP to align with these goals.

An NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement) (A) is a legal contract between at least two parties that outlines confidential material, knowledge, or information that the parties wish to share with one another for certain purposes but wish to restrict access to or by third parties. A VPN (Virtual Private Network) (C) extends a private network across a public network and enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network. SOP (Standard Operating Procedures) (D) are a set of step-by-step instructions compiled by an organization to help workers carry out complex routine operations, which wouldn't typically include website access guidelines.

After rebooting the phone, connecting to Wi-Fi, and disabling metered data, the next step the technician should take is to Clear the cache (D). Clearing the cache can resolve issues with the phone's performance and is often necessary before updating software to ensure that the updates can be downloaded and installed without issues. It removes temporary files that may be interfering with the update process​​.

A system image is a complete snapshot of everything on a device's storage at a given point in time, including the operating system, installed programs, system settings, and all user files. This method is the best way to back up the OS and data comprehensively because it allows for the restoration of a system to its exact state at the time the image was taken. This is particularly useful in disaster recovery scenarios where it's crucial to restore a system quickly and efficiently to minimize downtime.

For a company looking to transition away from face-to-face meetings, videoconferencing and screen-sharing software would be most beneficial.

Videoconferencing software allows participants to conduct virtual meetings with audio and video capabilities, effectively simulating a face-to-face interaction without the need for physical presence. This can greatly reduce travel costs and time while maintaining the personal touch of meetings.

Screen-sharing enables participants in a virtual meeting to view one another's computer screens in real time. This is particularly useful for presentations, collaborative work, and troubleshooting, as it allows for a more interactive and engaging meeting experience.

Both technologies support the company's goal of leveraging modern technology to enhance communication and collaboration while reducing reliance on physical meetings.

For scripting the creation of Active Directory accounts, PowerShell (D) is used. PowerShell is a task automation and configuration management framework from Microsoft, consisting of a command-line shell and the associated scripting language. It is built on the .NET framework and is particularly suited for automating and managing Windows-based systems, including Active Directory tasks​​.

DNS (Domain Name System) lookups are essential for translating human-friendly domain names into IP addresses that computers use to communicate. DNS typically uses port 53 for its communication.

In the provided firewall output, various ports are either allowed or blocked for outgoing traffic. For DNS recursion, which is the process of resolving domain names to IP addresses, port 53 must be open.

Port 53: This is the standard port used by DNS for queries and responses. The fact that it is currently blocked (as per the firewall output) is the reason why DNS lookups are failing. Opening port 53 will allow the DNS requests to pass through the firewall, enabling the resolution of domain names to IP addresses.

Other ports mentioned in the output are used for different services and protocols:

Port 1 is generally not used for standard services.

Port 445 is associated with SMB (Server Message Block) for file sharing in Windows environments.

Port 123 is used by NTP (Network Time Protocol) for time synchronization.

Port 80 is used for HTTP traffic, which is web traffic but not related to DNS lookups.

Windows is widely used in industrial and business environments due to its major market presence, extensive support from the industry, and a broad selection of operating system options. It supports a wide variety of software, making it suitable for running complex systems like an inventory management system in a factory. Other options such as Chrome OS, Android, and iOS are either more consumer-oriented or designed for specific types of devices, making them less likely choices for an industrial application like inventory management.References: Professor Messer’s CompTIA 220-1102 A+ Course Notes​​.

To troubleshoot a user's computer remotely while the user is connected, the best option is Microsoft Remote Assistance (MSRA). MSRA allows the technician to view and control the user's screen with their permission, facilitating an effective troubleshooting session without disconnecting the user.

Chain of custody is a legal term that refers to the chronological documentation or paper trail that records the sequence of custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition of materials, including physical or electronic evidence1. It is important in forensic investigations to establish that the evidence is in fact related to the case, and that it has not been tampered with or contaminated. A technician needs to track evidence for a forensic investigation on a Windows computer by following the proper procedures for collecting, handling, storing, and analyzing the evidence, and documenting every step of the process on a chain of custody form23

devmgmt.msc is the MMC snap-in that opens the Device Manager, a tool that allows the technician to view and manage the hardware devices and their drivers on the computer1. If the applications are not updating properly, it could be due to outdated, corrupted, or incompatible drivers that prevent the hardware from functioning normally. The technician can use the Device Manager to update, uninstall, rollback, or disable the drivers, as well as scan for hardware changes, troubleshoot problems, and view device properties2.

gpedit.msc is the MMC snap-in that opens the Group Policy Editor, a tool that allows the technician to configure the local or domain group policy settings for the computer or a group of computers3. Group policy settings can affect the security, performance, and functionality of the system, but they are not directly related to the application updates or the hardware drivers.

perfmon.msc is the MMC snap-in that opens the Performance Monitor, a tool that allows the technician to monitor and analyze the performance of the system and its components, such as processor, memory, disk, network, etc4. Performance Monitor can display real-time data or collect log data for later analysis, as well as generate reports and alerts based on the performance counters5. Performance Monitor can help the technician identify and diagnose performance issues, but it does not provide a way to manage the hardware drivers.

Malware is software that infects computer systems to damage, disable or exploit the computer or network for various malicious purposes5. Malware is typically distributed via email attachments, fake internet ads, infected applications or websites, and often relies on user interaction to execute6. Therefore, one of the most effective ways to prevent malware infections is to educate the end user about the common signs and sources of malware, and how to avoid them7. Configuring the firewall, restoring the system from backups, and updating the antivirus program are also important security measures, but they do not address the root cause of the user’s repeated infections, which is likely due to a lack of awareness or caution.

References5: Malware: what it is, how it works, and how to stop it - Norton6: How to Prevent Malware: 15 Best Practices for Malware Prevention7: 10 Security Tips for How to Prevent Malware Infections - Netwrix

The most likely cause of the user’s laptop issues is that it has been infected by some type of malware or ransomware. Malware and ransomware are malicious software that can harm, exploit, or disrupt devices or networks12. They can cause symptoms such as slow performance, browser redirects, pop-up windows, data encryption, or ransom demands12. Therefore, the first step a technician should take to resolve the issue is to scan the laptop for malware and ransomware using a reliable and updated anti-malware tool34. This can help identify and remove any malicious software that may be present on the laptop. Scanning for malware and ransomware is more effective and urgent than the other options because:

Performing a system restore may not remove the malware or ransomware, as some of them can persist or hide in the system files or backup copies34. Moreover, a system restore may result in data loss or corruption, as it restores the system to a previous state and deletes any changes made after that point5.

Checking the network utilization may not help diagnose or fix the problem, as the malware or ransomware may not be using the network at all, or may be using it in a stealthy or encrypted manner34. Furthermore, checking the network utilization does not address the root cause of the issue, which is the presence of malicious software on the laptop.

Updating the antivirus software may not be sufficient to detect or remove the malware or ransomware, as some of them may evade or disable the antivirus software, or may be too new or unknown for the antivirus software to recognize34. Additionally, updating the antivirus software does not guarantee that the laptop will be scanned for malware or ransomware, as the user may need to initiate or schedule the scan manually.

PowerShell is a scripting language that can interact with Active Directory and other Windows components. It has a built-in cmdlet called New-ADUser that can create user accounts in Active Directory. PowerShell can also use the Active Directory module to access other AD-related functions and attributes. Other languages, such as Bash, SQL, and PHP, are not designed for creating Active Directory accounts and would require additional tools or libraries to do so.

The best way to deal with an angry customer who is yelling at a technician is to wait until the customer is done speaking and offer assistance. This shows respect, empathy, and professionalism, and allows the technician to understand the customer’s problem and find a solution. According to the CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Certification Study Guide1, some of the steps to handle angry customers are:

Stay calm and do not take it personally.

Listen actively and acknowledge the customer’s feelings.

Apologize sincerely and offer to help.

Restate the customer’s issue and ask for clarification if needed.

Explain the possible causes and solutions for the problem.

Provide clear and realistic expectations for the resolution.

Follow up with the customer until the issue is resolved.

The other options are not appropriate ways to deal with angry customers, as they may worsen the situation or damage the customer relationship. Placing the customer on hold may make them feel ignored or dismissed. Disconnecting the call may make them feel disrespected or abandoned. Escalating the issue to a supervisor may make them feel frustrated or powerless, unless the technician cannot resolve the issue or the customer requests to speak to a supervisor.

The SSID (Service Set Identifier) is the name of a wireless network that is broadcasted by the router or the Wi-Fi base station. The SSID helps nearby devices to identify and connect to the available networks. However, broadcasting the SSID also exposes the network to potential connection attempts from unauthorized or malicious users. Therefore, disabling the SSID can mitigate connection attempts by making the network invisible or hidden to the devices that are not already connected to it. To connect to a hidden network, the user would need to know the exact SSID and enter it manually.

The other options are not related to mitigating connection attempts to the corporate Wi-Fi. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol that assigns IP addresses to the devices on a network. Firewall is a software or hardware device that filters the incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined rules. SSD (Solid State Drive) is a type of storage device that uses flash memory to store data. Disabling any of these options would not prevent connection attempts to the Wi-Fi network, and may cause other problems or issues for the network functionality and performance.

Temperature and humidity levels are the most important environmental factors to consider when planning the configuration of a data center, as they directly affect the performance, reliability, and energy efficiency of the IT equipment. Excessive heat or moisture can cause overheating, corrosion, condensation, or static electricity, which can damage the hardware and lead to data loss or service disruption. Therefore, data centers need to monitor and control the temperature and humidity levels within the recommended ranges by using various cooling systems, airflow management, and sensors12.

The msconfig.exe tool, also known as the System Configuration utility, is a tool that allows users to modify various system settings, such as startup options, services, boot options, and more. One of the features of msconfig.exe is the ability to disable or enable device drivers that are loaded during the system startup. By using msconfig.exe, a technician can prevent a driver from being loaded and used by the system, which will allow them to uninstall it without any errors. To use msconfig.exe to disable a driver, the technician can follow these steps:

Open the Run dialog box by pressing the Windows key + R.

Type msconfig.exe and press Enter.

Click on the Boot tab and then click on Advanced options.

Check the box next to No GUI boot and click OK. This will prevent the graphical user interface from loading during the boot process, which will also prevent some drivers from loading.

Click on the Services tab and check the box next to Hide all Microsoft services. This will show only the third-party services and drivers that are running on the system.

Find the service or driver that corresponds to the device that the technician wants to uninstall and uncheck the box next to it. This will disable the service or driver from starting during the system startup.

Click Apply and OK and then restart the computer.

After the computer restarts, the technician can use the Device Manager or the Control Panel to uninstall the driver that was previously in use.

Access control vestibule is the correct answer for this question. An access control vestibule is a physical security device that consists of two doors that form an enclosed space between them. The first door opens only after verifying the identity of the person entering, such as by using a card reader, biometric scanner, or keypad. The second door opens only after the first door closes, creating a buffer zone that prevents unauthorized access or tailgating. An access control vestibule also maintains a record of events, such as who entered or exited, when, and how. Hard token, key fob, and door lock are not sufficient to meet the requirements of this question. A hard token is a device that generates a one-time password or code for authentication purposes. A key fob is a small device that can be attached to a key ring and used to unlock doors or start vehicles remotely. A door lock is a mechanism that secures a door from opening without a key or a code. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 25

Low-level wiping is the best data destruction method for recycling old hard drives for reuse. Low-level wiping is a process that overwrites every bit of data on a hard drive with zeros or random patterns, making it impossible to recover any data from the drive. Low-level wiping also restores the drive to its factory state, removing any bad sectors or errors that may have accumulated over time. Low-level wiping can be done using specialized software tools or hardware devices that connect to the drive. Degaussing, standard formatting, and deleting are not suitable data destruction methods for recycling old hard drives for reuse. Degaussing is a process that exposes a hard drive to a strong magnetic field, destroying both the data and the drive itself. Degaussing renders the drive unusable for reuse. Standard formatting is a process that erases the data on a hard drive by removing the file system structure, but it does not overwrite the data itself. Standard formatting leaves some data recoverable using forensic tools or software utilities. Deleting is a process that removes the data from a hard drive by marking it as free space, but it does not erase or overwrite the data itself. Deleting leaves most data recoverable using undelete tools or software utilities. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 15

CompTIA A+ Complete Study Guide: Core 1 Exam 220-1101 and Core 2 Exam …, page 105

Event Viewer is a Microsoft tool that records and displays system events, errors, warnings, and information. Event Viewer can help troubleshoot and diagnose problems, such as unexpected shutdowns, by showing the details of what happened before, during, and after the incident. Event Viewer can also show the source of the event, such as an application, a service, a driver, or a hardware device. By using Event Viewer, a technician can identify the root cause of the unexpected shutdown, such as a power failure, a thermal event, a driver conflict, or a malware infection. 

The best way to fix the issue of slow cellular connection in the office is to connect to the company’s Wi-Fi network. This will allow the user’s mobile phone to access the internet through a faster and more reliable wireless network, instead of relying on the cellular network. Connecting to the Wi-Fi network will also save the user’s data usage and battery life.

Some of the factors that can affect the cellular connection speed are the distance from the cell tower, the obstructions between the phone and the tower, the network congestion, the network technology, and the features of the phone12. In the office, the user may experience a weak or unstable cellular signal due to the building structure, the location, or the interference from other devices. Therefore, switching to the Wi-Fi network can improve the performance of the phone’s applications and web browsing.

A software firewall is a program that monitors and controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic on a computer or a server. A software firewall can help prevent unauthorized LAN devices from accessing stored files on a company file server by applying rules and policies that filter the network packets based on their source, destination, protocol, port, or content. A software firewall can also block or allow specific applications or services from communicating with the network, and alert the administrator of any suspicious or malicious activity12.

A software firewall is a better option than the other choices because:

Password complexity (B) is a good practice to protect the file server from unauthorized access, but it is not sufficient by itself. Password complexity refers to the use of strong passwords that are hard to guess or crack by attackers, and that are changed frequently and securely. Password complexity can prevent brute force attacks or credential theft, but it cannot stop network attacks that exploit vulnerabilities in the file server software or hardware, or that bypass the authentication process34.

Antivirus application © and anti-malware scans (D) are important tools to protect the file server from viruses and malware that can infect, damage, or encrypt the stored files. However, they are not effective in preventing unauthorized LAN devices from accessing the files in the first place. Antivirus and anti-malware tools can only detect and remove known threats, and they may not be able to stop zero-day attacks or advanced persistent threats that can evade or disable them. Moreover, antivirus and anti-malware tools cannot control the network traffic or the file server permissions, and they may not be compatible with all file server platforms or configurations56.

The error message indicates that the website’s security certificate is not trusted by the user’s device, which may prevent the user from accessing the secure internal network. To resolve this issue, the user can view the certificate details and install it on the device, which will add it to the trusted root certificate store. Reimaging the system and installing SSL, installing Trusted Root Certificate, or continuing to access the website are not recommended solutions, as they may compromise the security of the device or the network.

Maintaining the chain of custody is important to control evidence and maintain integrity. The chain of custody is a process that documents who handled, accessed, or modified a piece of evidence, when, where, how, and why. The chain of custody ensures that the evidence is preserved, protected, and authenticated throughout the incident response process. Maintaining the chain of custody can help prevent tampering, alteration, or loss of evidence, as well as establish its reliability and validity in legal proceedings. Maintaining an information security policy, properly identifying the issue, and gathering as much information as possible are not reasons why maintaining the chain of custody is important. Maintaining an information security policy is a general practice that defines the rules and guidelines for securing an organization’s information assets and resources. Properly identifying the issue is a step in the incident response process that involves analyzing and classifying the incident based on its severity, impact, and scope. Gathering as much information as possible is a step in the incident response process that involves collecting and documenting relevant data and evidence from various sources, such as logs, alerts, or witnesses. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 26

An acceptable use policy (AUP) is a document that defines the rules and expectations for the users of a system, network, or service. It typically covers topics such as the purpose, scope, responsibilities, and restrictions of using the system, network, or service1. An AUP is a suitable place to publish the guidelines for the incorporation of generative AI solutions, as it can inform the users of the benefits, risks, and ethical implications of using such tools. It can also specify the conditions and limitations for using generative AI solutions, such as the types of data, content, and applications that are allowed or prohibited, the security and privacy requirements, the legal and regulatory compliance, and the accountability and reporting mechanisms23.

The best course of action for the technician is to restore the defaults and reimage the corporate OS on the device. This will remove the jailbreak and any unauthorized or malicious apps that may have been installed on the device, as well as restore the security features and policies that the company has set for its devices. This will also ensure that the device can receive the latest updates and patches from the manufacturer and the company, and prevent any data leakage or compromise from the device.

Jailbreaking is a process of bypassing the built-in security features of a device to install software other than what the manufacturer has made available for that device1. Jailbreaking allows the device owner to gain full access to the root of the operating system and access all the features1. However, jailbreaking also exposes the device to various risks, such as:

The loss of warranty from the device manufacturers2.

Inability to update software until a jailbroken version becomes available2.

Increased security vulnerabilities32.

Decreased battery life2.

Increased volatility of the device2.

Some of the signs of a jailbroken device are:

A high number of ads, which may indicate the presence of adware or spyware on the device3.

Receiving data-usage limit notifications, which may indicate the device is sending or receiving data in the background without the user’s knowledge or consent3.

Experiencing slow response, which may indicate the device is running unauthorized or malicious apps that consume resources or interfere with the normal functioning of the device3.

Finding apps or icons that the user did not install or recognize, such as Cydia, which is a storefront for jailbroken iOS devices1.

The other options are not sufficient or appropriate for dealing with a jailbroken device. Running an antivirus and enabling encryption may not detect or remove all the threats or vulnerabilities that the jailbreak has introduced, and may not restore the device to its original state or functionality. Backing up the files and doing a system restore may not erase the jailbreak or the unauthorized apps, and may also backup the infected or compromised files. Undoing the jailbreak and enabling an antivirus may not be possible or effective, as the jailbreak may prevent the device from updating or installing security software, and may also leave traces of the jailbreak or the unauthorized apps on the device.

The sfc command is a tool for scanning and repairing system files that are corrupted or missing on Windows operating systems12. System files are essential files that are required for the proper functioning of the operating system, such as the GUI, drivers, services, and applications. If system files are damaged or deleted, the operating system may fail to start or run properly, causing errors, crashes, or blue screens.

The sfc command can be used to fix the issue of the PC that is unable to start the GUI, assuming that the problem is caused by corrupted or missing system files. The sfc command can be run from the command prompt, which can be accessed by booting the PC from the installation media, choosing the repair option, and selecting the command prompt option3. The sfc command can be used with different switches, such as /scannow, /verifyonly, /scanfile, or /offbootdir, depending on the situation and the desired action4. The most common switch is /scannow, which scans all the system files and repairs any problems that are found5. The syntax of the sfc command with the /scannow switch is:

sfc /scannow

The sfc command will then scan and repair the system files, and display the results on the screen. If the sfc command is able to fix the system files, the PC should be able to start the GUI normally after rebooting. If the sfc command is unable to fix the system files, the PC may need further troubleshooting or a clean installation of Windows.

References1: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives, page 10 2: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Complete Video Course, Lesson 26 Documentation 3: How to use SFC Scannow to repair Windows system files 4: SFC Command (System File Checker) 5: How to Repair Windows 10 using Command Prompt

The -a option is used to display hidden files and directories in a command-line interface. Hidden files and directories are those that start with a dot (.) and are normally not shown by default. The -a option stands for “all” and shows all files and directories, including the hidden ones. The -a option can be used with commands such as ls, dir, or find to list or search for hidden files and directories. The -s, -lh, and -t options are not used to display hidden files and directories. The -s option stands for “size” and shows the size of files or directories in bytes. The -lh option stands for “long human-readable” and shows the size of files or directories in a more readable format, such as KB, MB, or GB. The -t option stands for “time” and sorts the files or directories by modification time. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 17

CompTIA A+ Complete Study Guide: Core 1 Exam 220-1101 and Core 2 Exam …, page 107

The Processes tab in the Task Manager shows all the running processes on the computer, including applications and background services. The user can use this tab to identify the unresponsive application and end its process by right-clicking on it and selecting End task. This will free up the system resources and close the application. The other tabs in the Task Manager do not allow the user to address the situation. The Startup tab shows the programs that run when the computer starts, the Performance tab shows the system resource usage and statistics, and the Application history tab shows the resource usage of the applications over time

A corporate EULA is a type of end-user license agreement that is designed for a large organization that needs to use proprietary software with vendor support for a multiuser environment. A corporate EULA typically grants the organization a volume license that allows it to install and use the software on multiple devices or servers, and to distribute the software to its employees or affiliates. A corporate EULA also usually provides the organization with technical support, maintenance, updates, and warranty from the software vendor, as well as some customization options and discounts. A corporate EULA may also include terms and conditions that specify the rights and obligations of both parties, such as confidentiality, liability, indemnification, termination, and dispute resolution12.

A corporate EULA is a better option than the other choices because:

A perpetual EULA (B) is a type of end-user license agreement that grants the user a permanent and irrevocable license to use the software, without any time limit or expiration date. However, a perpetual EULA does not necessarily include vendor support, updates, or warranty, and it may not allow the user to install the software on multiple devices or servers, or to distribute the software to other users. A perpetual EULA may also be more expensive than a corporate EULA, as it requires a one-time payment upfront, rather than a recurring subscription fee34.

An open-source EULA © is a type of end-user license agreement that grants the user a license to use, modify, and redistribute the software, which is publicly available and free of charge. However, an open-source EULA does not provide any vendor support, maintenance, updates, or warranty, and it may impose some restrictions or obligations on the user, such as disclosing the source code, attributing the original author, or using a compatible license for derivative works. An open-source EULA may not be suitable for a large organization that needs proprietary software with vendor support for a multiuser environment56.

A personal EULA (D) is a type of end-user license agreement that grants the user a license to use the software for personal, non-commercial purposes only. A personal EULA may limit the number of devices or servers that the user can install the software on, and prohibit the user from distributing, copying, or reselling the software to other users. A personal EULA may also provide limited or no vendor support, maintenance, updates, or warranty, and it may have a fixed or renewable term. A personal EULA may not meet the needs of a large organization that needs proprietary software with vendor support for a multiuser environment7 .

A dedicated GPU (graphics processing unit) is the most important component for rendering 3-D promotional movies, as it can handle the complex calculations and graphics operations required for creating realistic and high-quality images. A dedicated GPU has its own memory and processor, which are optimized for graphics tasks. A dedicated GPU can also support multiple monitors, high resolutions, and advanced features such as ray tracing12.

Developer Mode on Windows 10 is a feature that allows developers to test and debug their applications on their devices, as well as sideload apps and access other developer tools12. To enable Developer Mode, the user needs to go to the Settings app, select Update & Security, choose For Developers, and switch to Developer Mode123. However, enabling Developer Mode requires internet connectivity, as Windows will download and install a package of features, such as Windows Device Portal and SSH services, that are necessary for Developer Mode124. If the user does not have internet connectivity, they will receive a “failed to install package” message when trying to enable Developer Mode4. Therefore, the first thing that the technician should do is to ensure that the laptop has internet access, either through Wi-Fi or Ethernet, and then try to enable Developer Mode again4

A technician should handle personal communication while on site in a professional and respectful manner. According to the CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) exam objectives, one of the best practices for communication skills is to “avoid distractions and interruptions” when working with customers1. This means that the technician should not respond to calls and text messages that are not related to the work or the customer, unless there is an emergency situation that requires a response. Responding to personal communication while on site can be seen as rude, unprofessional, and disrespectful to the customer and their time. It can also affect the quality and efficiency of the technician’s work and cause errors or delays. Therefore, the technician should only respond to calls and text messages when an emergency situation requires a response, and inform the customer about the situation and apologize for the interruption.

The other options are not appropriate for handling personal communication while on site. Responding to calls and text messages while on site but not when working directly with personnel (A) is still distracting and unprofessional, as it can interfere with the technician’s focus and productivity. Responding to calls and text messages only from family (B) is not a valid criterion, as the technician may receive calls and text messages from other sources that are not related to the work or the customer. Responding to calls and text messages discreetly while on site (D) is not a good practice, as it can still be noticed by the customer or other personnel and create a negative impression.

The best option for the technician to demonstrate proper communication techniques and professionalism is to contact the customer if the technician is arriving late. This shows respect for the customer’s time and expectations, and allows the customer to adjust their schedule accordingly. It also helps to maintain a positive relationship and trust between the technician and the customer. The technician should apologize for the delay and provide a realistic estimate of their arrival time. The technician should also thank the customer for their patience and understanding.

The other options are not appropriate or professional. Do not notify the customer if arriving before the customer is not a good practice, as it may cause confusion or frustration for the customer. The customer may have made other plans or arrangements based on the technician’s original schedule, and may not be available or prepared for the service. Dismiss the customer and proceed with the after-hours work is rude and disrespectful, as it ignores the customer’s needs and preferences. The customer may have questions or concerns about the service, or may want to supervise or verify the work. The technician should always communicate with the customer before, during, and after the service. Disclose the experience via social media is unethical and unprofessional, as it may violate the customer’s privacy and the company’s policies. The technician should not share any confidential or sensitive information about the customer or the service on social media, or make any negative or inappropriate comments about the customer or the situation.

MFA stands for multi-factor authentication, which is an electronic authentication method that requires the user to provide two or more verification factors to gain access to a resource such as an application, online account, or a VPN1. MFA provides security enhancement by making it harder for attackers to compromise the user’s identity or credentials, as they would need to obtain more than just the username and password. MFA can also prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data or resources, as well as reduce the risk of identity theft or fraud2. 

The most effective clarifying question for the help desk technician to ask the user in order to understand the issue is A. What is the error message? This question will help the technician to identify the possible cause and solution of the problem, as the error message will provide specific information about the nature and location of the error, such as the server name, the port number, the protocol, the authentication method, or the network status. The error message will also help the technician to troubleshoot the issue by following the suggested steps or searching for the error code online.

This question is more effective than the other choices because:

B. Does the program work on another computer? is not a very helpful question, as it will not reveal the source of the error or how to fix it. The program may work on another computer for various reasons, such as different network settings, firewall rules, permissions, or software versions. However, this question will not tell the technician what is wrong with the user’s computer or the remote server, or what needs to be changed or updated to make the program work.

C. Did the program ever work? is not a very relevant question, as it will not address the current issue or how to resolve it. The program may have worked in the past, but it may have stopped working due to changes in the network configuration, the server status, the software updates, or the user credentials. However, this question will not tell the technician what has changed or how to restore the program functionality.

D. Is anyone else having this issue? is not a very useful question, as it will not explain the reason or the solution for the error. The issue may affect only the user, or multiple users, depending on the scope and the impact of the error. However, this question will not tell the technician what is causing the error or how to fix it for the user or the others.

Quarantining the infected system is the most appropriate way to remediate the issue of an infection that the antivirus software cannot remove. Quarantining means isolating the system from the network and other devices to prevent the infection from spreading or causing further damage. Quarantining also allows the technician to perform further analysis and removal of the infection without risking the security of other systems or data.

Some of the steps involved in quarantining an infected system are:

Disconnect the system from the internet and any local network connections, such as Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth, or USB.

Disable any file-sharing or remote access services on the system, such as Windows File Sharing, Remote Desktop, or TeamViewer.

Use a separate device to download and update the antivirus software and any other tools that may be needed to remove the infection, such as malware scanners, rootkit removers, or bootable rescue disks.

Transfer the updated antivirus software and tools to the infected system using a removable media, such as a CD, DVD, or USB flash drive. Scan the removable media for any infections before and after using it on the infected system.

Run the antivirus software and tools on the infected system and follow the instructions to delete or quarantine the infection. If the infection is persistent or complex, it may require booting the system from a rescue disk or using a Linux live disc to access and clean the system files.

After the infection is removed, restore the system to a previous clean state using System Restore, backup, or recovery partition. Scan the system again to ensure that it is clean and secure. Reconnect the system to the network and update the system and the antivirus software.

Copying the program file to a USB drive and installing it from there is the simplest and most reliable way to transfer the software from the network share to the Windows tablet. The other options are either unnecessary, risky, or impractical. Burning the program file to a CD requires a CD burner and a CD reader, which may not be available on the tablet. Formatting or replacing the HDD will erase all the data and settings on the tablet, which is not advisable unless there is a backup or a serious problem. Moreover, formatting or replacing the HDD will not solve the issue of copying the program file from the network share.

The best solution for a technician to implement is to disable the browser from sending notifications to the Action Center. This will prevent the random advertisement notifications from appearing in the Windows 10 Action Center, which can be annoying and distracting for the user. The technician can follow these steps to disable the browser notifications1:

Open the browser that is sending the notifications, such as Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, or Mozilla Firefox.

Go to the browser settings or options menu, and look for the privacy and security section.

Find the option to manage site permissions or notifications, and click on it.

You will see a list of sites that are allowed or blocked from sending notifications to the browser and the Action Center. You can either block all sites from sending notifications, or select specific sites that you want to block or allow.

Save the changes and close the browser settings.

This solution is better than the other options because:

Running a full antivirus scan on the computer (B) is not necessary, as the advertisement notifications are not malicious or harmful, and they are not caused by a virus or malware infection. Running a scan will not stop the notifications from appearing, and it will consume system resources and time.

Disabling all Action Center notifications © is not advisable, as the Action Center is a useful feature that shows notifications and alerts from various apps and system events, such as email, calendar, security, updates, etc. Disabling all notifications will make the user miss important information and reminders, and reduce the functionality of the Action Center.

Moving specific site notifications from Allowed to Block (D) is not the best solution, as it will only stop the notifications from some sites, but not from others. The user may still receive advertisement notifications from other sites that are not blocked, or from new sites that are added to the Allowed list. This solution will also require the user to manually manage the list of sites, which can be tedious and time-consuming.

The first mitigation step that a technician should take when a machine is suspected to contain ransomware is to quarantine the system. This means isolating the infected machine from the network and other devices, to prevent the ransomware from spreading and encrypting more data. The technician can quarantine the system by disconnecting the network cable, turning off the wireless adapter, or using firewall rules to block the traffic from and to the machine12.

This step is more important than the other options because:

Disabling System Restore (A) is not a priority, as it will not stop the ransomware from running or spreading. System Restore is a feature that allows users to restore their system to a previous state, but it may not work if the ransomware has encrypted or deleted the restore points. Moreover, disabling System Restore may prevent the user from recovering some data or settings in the future13.

Remediating the system (B) is the ultimate goal, but it cannot be done before quarantining the system. Remediating the system means removing the ransomware, restoring the data, and fixing the vulnerabilities that allowed the attack. However, this process requires careful analysis, planning, and execution, and it may not be possible if the ransomware is still active and communicating with the attackers. Therefore, the technician should first isolate the system and then proceed with the remediation steps12.

Educating the system user © is a preventive measure, but it is not a mitigation step. Educating the system user means raising awareness and providing training on how to avoid ransomware attacks, such as by recognizing phishing emails, avoiding suspicious links or attachments, and updating and patching the system regularly. However, this step will not help if the system is already infected, and it may not be effective if the user is not willing or able to follow the best practices. Therefore, the technician should focus on resolving the current incident and then educate the user as part of the recovery plan14.