OMG-OCUP2-FOUND100 - OMG Certified UML Professional 2 (OCUP 2) - Foundation Level

In UML, Comments are annotations that can be attached to most elements within UML diagrams. Their primary function is not to affect the semantics of the model directly but to provide useful information to anyone reading the model. Comments can help explain or clarify design decisions, make notes about specific parts of the model, or provide any other context necessary for understanding the model better.

The role of Comments in UML is not to enable automatic generation of code comments or to add constraints or semantics to model elements, although they can be associated with model elements to highlight or explain specific attributes or relationships.

References:

• UML 2.x Superstructure Specification: This document describes Comments as a way to provide human-readable descriptions and notes that do not impact the execution or structure of the model but are crucial for documentation and understanding.
• UML 2.x Infrastructure Specification: Further delineates the role of comments in providing clarifications and additional information useful for model interpretation.

The second diagram fragment you provided includes two enumeration types, YesNo and Answer, where YesNo is a generalization of Answer. The class Query has an attribute 'response' of type Answer. Given that YesNo is a generalization of Answer, the possible values for 'response' include the literals of Answer plus those inherited from YesNo. Since Answer includes 'Maybe', and YesNo includes 'Yes' and 'No', all three are valid values for 'response'.

References:

• UML 2.x Superstructure Specification: Discusses attributes and their types, the concept of generalization, and how attributes of a generalized type can take on values from their own literals as well as those from their parent in the hierarchy.
• UML 2.x Infrastructure Specification: Explains the foundational modeling constructs related to enumeration, classes, and attributes, which provides the basis for determining the legal values of an attribute based on its type's enumeration literals.

In UML class diagrams, relationships between classes are represented in a number of different ways, including generalization, association, and composition.

Looking at the provided options, let's analyze each one:

A. responsiblePerson inherits from Person – This is incorrect because theresponsiblePersonis an attribute of theTaskclass, not a class itself, so it cannot inherit fromPerson.

B. Client and Manager have nothing in common – This is incorrect because bothClientandManagerare specialized types ofPersonas indicated by the generalization arrows pointing toPerson.

C. responsiblePerson can not refer to an object of class Client – This is incorrect.responsiblePersonis typed byPerson, which means that it can refer to an instance of any subclass ofPerson, includingClient.

D. The object referred to as responsiblePerson can be a Manager – This is correct. SinceresponsiblePersonis an attribute of theTaskclass with the typePerson, andManageris a subclass ofPerson,responsiblePersoncan indeed refer to an instance ofManager.

The correct answer is based on the UML 2 Foundation specification that describes how attributes are typed by classes and can refer to instances of these classes or their subclasses (UML 2.5 specification, sections 9.3.3 and 9.5.3). The generalization relationship (represented by a triangle followed by a line) establishes a hierarchy between a more general element and a more specific element, which in this case means thatClientandManagerare both specific types ofPersonand can be used whereverPersonis expected (UML 2.5 specification, section 9.4.5).